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Hypercritical

57: Computational Skeuomorphism

 

00:00:00   [Music] [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/0">TS</a>]

00:00:02   this is hypercritical weekly talkshow [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2">TS</a>]

00:00:05   ruminating on exactly what is wrong in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5">TS</a>]

00:00:07   the world of Apple and related [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/7">TS</a>]

00:00:08   technologies and businesses [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/8">TS</a>]

00:00:09   nothing is so perfect that it can't be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/9">TS</a>]

00:00:12   complained about by my co-host John [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/12">TS</a>]

00:00:14   siracusa i'm dan benjamin this is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/14">TS</a>]

00:00:16   episode number 57 today's Friday March [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/16">TS</a>]

00:00:19   2nd want to make sure that we thank our [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/19">TS</a>]

00:00:21   two sponsors right at the top of the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/21">TS</a>]

00:00:23   show tiny letter comm send email [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/23">TS</a>]

00:00:26   newsletters the easiest most simple way [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/26">TS</a>]

00:00:29   possible and Shopify create your own [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/29">TS</a>]

00:00:32   online store today we also want to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/32">TS</a>]

00:00:35   mention the bandwidth for this episode [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/35">TS</a>]

00:00:36   is provided by Mac Mini Kolo I host [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/36">TS</a>]

00:00:39   Ansel the servers there to help run 5x5 [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/39">TS</a>]

00:00:41   and you can - Mac Mini Colo net / 5x5 as [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/41">TS</a>]

00:00:45   a special discount for this is why we [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/45">TS</a>]

00:00:48   need faster file systems I'm learning [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/48">TS</a>]

00:00:50   how to use computers today John how are [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/50">TS</a>]

00:00:52   you I can relaunch my apps a little bit [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/52">TS</a>]

00:00:55   faster you have all SSD you've got [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/55">TS</a>]

00:00:57   mirrored and striped SSD drives in all [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/57">TS</a>]

00:00:59   of your chips Dave nanion the guy who [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/59">TS</a>]

00:01:02   makes SuperDuper I doesn't trust the SSD [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/62">TS</a>]

00:01:05   drives typically he doesn't trust Lee [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/65">TS</a>]

00:01:08   you know supposed to trust any drive Oh [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/68">TS</a>]

00:01:10   point is I'm gonna have but he trusts [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/70">TS</a>]

00:01:12   those less than he distraught he he [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/72">TS</a>]

00:01:14   distrusts them even more than he [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/74">TS</a>]

00:01:16   distrust his other what about the people [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/76">TS</a>]

00:01:17   of emailed asking you what about SSD is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/77">TS</a>]

00:01:20   John yeah I probably distrust me too [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/80">TS</a>]

00:01:22   well today's show will be a follow up [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/82">TS</a>]

00:01:24   show on file systems so we will talk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/84">TS</a>]

00:01:28   about all these issues we don't have any [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/88">TS</a>]

00:01:29   other thing to talk about today no no [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/89">TS</a>]

00:01:32   iPad 3 comments or predictions maybe [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/92">TS</a>]

00:01:35   we'll throw that in at the end ok [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/95">TS</a>]

00:01:38   alright really going here now that my [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/98">TS</a>]

00:01:40   audio is actually working I would like [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/100">TS</a>]

00:01:41   to blame this audio stuff online but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/101">TS</a>]

00:01:43   this happened in Snow Leopard too like [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/103">TS</a>]

00:01:45   you know everything's all set up and the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/105">TS</a>]

00:01:46   last thing I do is you know your testing [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/106">TS</a>]

00:01:48   1 2 or 3 into my mic and noting the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/108">TS</a>]

00:01:51   meters don't move at all I'm plugged mic [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/111">TS</a>]

00:01:54   plugged back in nothing so the old [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/114">TS</a>]

00:01:57   reboot this is the only time I ever [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/117">TS</a>]

00:01:58   reboot my Mac you know is when the audio [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/118">TS</a>]

00:02:00   stops working and yeah before you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/120">TS</a>]

00:02:01   started doing the show you had an uptime [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/121">TS</a>]

00:02:03   of like three years and soon as you have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/123">TS</a>]

00:02:05   this show you're lucky to get the full [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/125">TS</a>]

00:02:06   seven days well now as soon as I had my [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/126">TS</a>]

00:02:09   uptime was the space between security [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/129">TS</a>]

00:02:10   updates to Mac OS 10 the ones that made [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/130">TS</a>]

00:02:12   you restart [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/132">TS</a>]

00:02:14   alright let's go do it follow up I was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/134">TS</a>]

00:02:19   listening to myself in hypercritical [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/139">TS</a>]

00:02:21   episode 56 and in the car this week as I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/141">TS</a>]

00:02:25   always do and was cringing as I heard [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/145">TS</a>]

00:02:27   myself repeatedly used the word defer [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/147">TS</a>]

00:02:29   about deferring the costs and I wasn't I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/149">TS</a>]

00:02:33   didn't mean deferring the costs as in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/153">TS</a>]

00:02:35   pushing them off in time this was in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/155">TS</a>]

00:02:38   connection to Apple's data centers and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/158">TS</a>]

00:02:41   the cost of running them the cost of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/161">TS</a>]

00:02:43   running iCloud and the developers using [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/163">TS</a>]

00:02:45   iCloud Hippias and no sooner had I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/165">TS</a>]

00:02:49   gotten out of the car and logged onto [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/169">TS</a>]

00:02:51   the computer that I got a tweet from [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/171">TS</a>]

00:02:54   someone Nathan heretic I hope I got that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/174">TS</a>]

00:02:58   right telling me that I should not be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/178">TS</a>]

00:02:59   saying the word defer and I said I know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/179">TS</a>]

00:03:01   I just heard myself saying in the car [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/181">TS</a>]

00:03:02   was horrible I should have said either [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/182">TS</a>]

00:03:04   offset or defray defray is probably the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/184">TS</a>]

00:03:07   word that was getting mapped wrong in my [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/187">TS</a>]

00:03:08   brain and the point I made to him on [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/188">TS</a>]

00:03:10   Twitter is this interesting that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/190">TS</a>]

00:03:11   listening to myself as soon as I said it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/191">TS</a>]

00:03:14   you can hear all that's wrong with what [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/194">TS</a>]

00:03:15   is this guy talking about right but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/195">TS</a>]

00:03:16   saying it I said it like 9 times without [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/196">TS</a>]

00:03:19   my brain triggering the warning you were [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/199">TS</a>]

00:03:22   using the wrong word [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/202">TS</a>]

00:03:23   right so I was kind of like writing and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/203">TS</a>]

00:03:25   proofreading when I'm speaking things [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/205">TS</a>]

00:03:28   come out of my mouth that don't match [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/208">TS</a>]

00:03:30   what my brain was thinking so I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/210">TS</a>]

00:03:32   apologize for that and thanks for the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/212">TS</a>]

00:03:33   correction Nathan a correction from Mark [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/213">TS</a>]

00:03:38   Hofman about notifications in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/218">TS</a>]

00:03:40   Notification Center in Mountain Lion [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/220">TS</a>]

00:03:42   we're just asking how that was one of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/222">TS</a>]

00:03:46   the api's that was getting swept up into [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/226">TS</a>]

00:03:48   the group of things that are only [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/228">TS</a>]

00:03:51   available to Mac developers who put [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/231">TS</a>]

00:03:53   their application on the Mac App Store [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/233">TS</a>]

00:03:54   and I was saying how that was weird [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/234">TS</a>]

00:03:56   because yes notifications can be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/236">TS</a>]

00:03:59   synchronized through the cloud from one [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/239">TS</a>]

00:04:01   device to the other and show up on your [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/241">TS</a>]

00:04:02   desktop for an event triggered on your [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/242">TS</a>]

00:04:05   phone and vice versa but notifications [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/245">TS</a>]

00:04:08   also work locally if you just have a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/248">TS</a>]

00:04:09   local Mac application that wants to put [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/249">TS</a>]

00:04:11   up a little notification dialog says hey [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/251">TS</a>]

00:04:14   something happened over here take a look [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/254">TS</a>]

00:04:15   and they want to do something more than [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/255">TS</a>]

00:04:17   just have a dock icon badge or bounce or [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/257">TS</a>]

00:04:19   something and Notification Center is for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/259">TS</a>]

00:04:23   that as well I said boy it's a shame [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/263">TS</a>]

00:04:24   that those guys that you can't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/264">TS</a>]

00:04:27   use notification center for that yeah if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/267">TS</a>]

00:04:29   you're not in the Mac App Store even [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/269">TS</a>]

00:04:31   though it has nothing to do with that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/271">TS</a>]

00:04:32   cloud well it turns out that if you do [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/272">TS</a>]

00:04:35   only local notifications you can use [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/275">TS</a>]

00:04:37   Notification Center in Mountain Lion [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/277">TS</a>]

00:04:39   even if you're not on the Mac App Store [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/279">TS</a>]

00:04:40   so the only thing that you're barred [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/280">TS</a>]

00:04:42   from is so-called push notifications [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/282">TS</a>]

00:04:45   notifications that are synchronized [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/285">TS</a>]

00:04:45   through Apple's servers so that's good [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/285">TS</a>]

00:04:48   to know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/288">TS</a>]

00:04:52   Andrew Lawrence was the first person to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/292">TS</a>]

00:04:54   chime in to tell me that the NetApp [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/294">TS</a>]

00:04:57   Oracle lawsuit that I mentioned as a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/297">TS</a>]

00:04:59   possible reason that Apple bailed on ZFS [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/299">TS</a>]

00:05:01   was settled shortly after son was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/301">TS</a>]

00:05:04   acquired by Oracle I put a link to the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/304">TS</a>]

00:05:07   press release in the show notes it was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/307">TS</a>]

00:05:09   actually September 2010 that was still [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/309">TS</a>]

00:05:11   after long after Apple had decided had [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/311">TS</a>]

00:05:15   made his decision on ZFS oh I'm not sure [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/315">TS</a>]

00:05:17   settling helped to hurt one with the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/317">TS</a>]

00:05:19   other but by then it was too late but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/319">TS</a>]

00:05:20   it's a good point that it actually has [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/320">TS</a>]

00:05:22   been settled and it's not dragging on [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/322">TS</a>]

00:05:23   the settlement was one of those ones [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/323">TS</a>]

00:05:24   where it's you know dismissed without [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/324">TS</a>]

00:05:27   prejudice and the terms of the agreement [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/327">TS</a>]

00:05:29   are confidential so we don't know what [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/329">TS</a>]

00:05:30   actually happened they just probably [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/330">TS</a>]

00:05:31   exchanged a sufficient amount of money [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/331">TS</a>]

00:05:33   between parties and everything's all [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/333">TS</a>]

00:05:35   better JP I don't know I just have JP [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/335">TS</a>]

00:05:40   maybe that's all I could get out of his [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/340">TS</a>]

00:05:41   Twitter handle or email or something was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/341">TS</a>]

00:05:44   the first to point out that btrfs is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/344">TS</a>]

00:05:46   pronounced butter FS I had heard that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/346">TS</a>]

00:05:49   enunciation but wasn't aware it was the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/349">TS</a>]

00:05:50   official apparently it is the official [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/350">TS</a>]

00:05:52   pronunciation I don't I think I don't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/352">TS</a>]

00:05:54   really like the idea of food mixing with [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/354">TS</a>]

00:05:56   my file systems so butter if that sounds [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/356">TS</a>]

00:05:58   a little weird to me but if it's butter [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/358">TS</a>]

00:06:00   FS then it's butter FS so I will [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/360">TS</a>]

00:06:02   endeavour to say butter FS from now on [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/362">TS</a>]

00:06:08   JP has some other information he [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/368">TS</a>]

00:06:12   apparently this is why he just says JP [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/372">TS</a>]

00:06:14   hey he worked in the Genius Bar for a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/374">TS</a>]

00:06:16   while in an Apple Store and here's a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/376">TS</a>]

00:06:19   quoting from his message we got almost [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/379">TS</a>]

00:06:21   as many okay hard drives according to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/381">TS</a>]

00:06:23   smart status which were unrepairable in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/383">TS</a>]

00:06:25   Disk Utility as we did actual fail to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/385">TS</a>]

00:06:27   harden so what he's what he's saying is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/387">TS</a>]

00:06:29   that you know people would come in to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/389">TS</a>]

00:06:30   the Genius Bar and they would have a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/390">TS</a>]

00:06:31   problem with their hard drive and half [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/391">TS</a>]

00:06:33   the time there was a hardware problem [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/393">TS</a>]

00:06:35   with the hard drive but the other half [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/395">TS</a>]

00:06:37   of the time it was just hfs+ corruption [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/397">TS</a>]

00:06:39   so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/399">TS</a>]

00:06:40   fully 50% of their hard drive related [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/400">TS</a>]

00:06:43   problems were not due to hardware but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/403">TS</a>]

00:06:45   were due to HFS corruption and he says [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/405">TS</a>]

00:06:47   all in all hard drive issues accounted [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/407">TS</a>]

00:06:49   for about 30% of all issues so about 15% [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/409">TS</a>]

00:06:52   for a directory failure so he's saying [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/412">TS</a>]

00:06:54   15% of all problems that come to the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/414">TS</a>]

00:06:56   Genius Bar and his experience were due [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/416">TS</a>]

00:06:58   to hfs+ corruption and across all of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/418">TS</a>]

00:07:01   apples customers this is a pretty big [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/421">TS</a>]

00:07:03   number I'm actually surprised that I'm [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/423">TS</a>]

00:07:06   surprised that the 30% of all Genius Bar [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/426">TS</a>]

00:07:08   t-shirts were hard drives a hard drive [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/428">TS</a>]

00:07:11   related but it's really said that half [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/431">TS</a>]

00:07:13   of the HOS 15% of all possible Guinness [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/433">TS</a>]

00:07:16   bar things are due to HFS+ corruption so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/436">TS</a>]

00:07:18   it shows that this is really is a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/438">TS</a>]

00:07:19   problem an apple I mean apples gotta [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/439">TS</a>]

00:07:20   track these stats and has to know geez [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/440">TS</a>]

00:07:22   you know 50 percent of the people come [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/442">TS</a>]

00:07:24   to the Genius Bar is due to bugs in our [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/444">TS</a>]

00:07:26   own software we really need to address [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/446">TS</a>]

00:07:28   that filesystem thing a couple people I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/448">TS</a>]

00:07:32   don't remember who sent this might have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/452">TS</a>]

00:07:34   been the chat room but I don't have a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/454">TS</a>]

00:07:35   attribution for it send me a link to an [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/455">TS</a>]

00:07:37   lwn net article called a short history [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/457">TS</a>]

00:07:40   of butter FS and that I hadn't known too [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/460">TS</a>]

00:07:45   much of a butter of has except that it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/465">TS</a>]

00:07:46   was the kind of like a you know the GPL [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/466">TS</a>]

00:07:49   Linux directed ZFS like filesystem and I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/469">TS</a>]

00:07:55   also knew that it wasn't quite done yet [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/475">TS</a>]

00:07:56   so both of those are true but this this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/476">TS</a>]

00:07:59   article that it linked in the show notes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/479">TS</a>]

00:08:01   is written by someone who worked [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/481">TS</a>]

00:08:03   extensively on ZFS and it goes through [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/483">TS</a>]

00:08:05   the history of how butter FS came to be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/485">TS</a>]

00:08:07   and what's different about it than ZFS I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/487">TS</a>]

00:08:12   think it's worth I guess all worth [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/492">TS</a>]

00:08:14   hitting the highlights of instead of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/494">TS</a>]

00:08:16   just saying go read this article because [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/496">TS</a>]

00:08:17   it is a long article and maybe if you're [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/497">TS</a>]

00:08:18   not really into this you won't read the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/498">TS</a>]

00:08:20   whole darn thing [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/500">TS</a>]

00:08:22   so the be actually the be TR part in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/502">TS</a>]

00:08:26   butter FS stands for be trees it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/506">TS</a>]

00:08:29   shorter be trees have been so it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/509">TS</a>]

00:08:30   another victim of the great valve sort [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/510">TS</a>]

00:08:32   shortage of 1972 which is stricken the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/512">TS</a>]

00:08:35   UNIX landscape and Keaton used to be a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/515">TS</a>]

00:08:36   problem they didn't even have an e [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/516">TS</a>]

00:08:39   leftover for the create system call [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/519">TS</a>]

00:08:41   that's how bad it was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/521">TS</a>]

00:08:42   but apparently it's still going on so a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/522">TS</a>]

00:08:47   file systems use b-trees because they're [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/527">TS</a>]

00:08:51   an efficient data structure for looking [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/531">TS</a>]

00:08:53   stuff up and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/533">TS</a>]

00:08:54   starting stuff and deleting stuff if you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/534">TS</a>]

00:08:55   take any computer science course you'll [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/535">TS</a>]

00:08:57   eventually do a chapter on trees and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/537">TS</a>]

00:08:58   they're all different kinds of trees and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/538">TS</a>]

00:09:00   you can see in the diagram of them it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/540">TS</a>]

00:09:01   like a circle with a bunch of lines [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/541">TS</a>]

00:09:02   connecting and there's you know out of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/542">TS</a>]

00:09:04   each little circle there are you know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/544">TS</a>]

00:09:07   one or more lines and then there are [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/547">TS</a>]

00:09:09   circles connected those and it just [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/549">TS</a>]

00:09:10   makes a big tree structure bee trees are [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/550">TS</a>]

00:09:13   a particular kind of tree that you know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/553">TS</a>]

00:09:16   the characteristics of trees are how [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/556">TS</a>]

00:09:17   many how many different branches come [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/557">TS</a>]

00:09:19   out of each one how do you insert [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/559">TS</a>]

00:09:21   something into the tree how do you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/561">TS</a>]

00:09:22   remove something from the tree I'm not [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/562">TS</a>]

00:09:24   going to go into the sto details of bee [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/564">TS</a>]

00:09:26   trees in particular but suffice it to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/566">TS</a>]

00:09:28   say that B trees are specific variant of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/568">TS</a>]

00:09:31   B trees are among the most efficient [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/571">TS</a>]

00:09:33   general-purpose tree structure for the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/573">TS</a>]

00:09:36   you know they do everything pretty well [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/576">TS</a>]

00:09:37   you can insert things pretty quickly you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/577">TS</a>]

00:09:39   can delete things pretty quickly they [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/579">TS</a>]

00:09:40   don't get unbalanced they don't require [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/580">TS</a>]

00:09:43   a lot of maintenance to keep balanced [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/583">TS</a>]

00:09:44   ever it's kind of like a good middle [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/584">TS</a>]

00:09:46   ground for the types of things that you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/586">TS</a>]

00:09:47   might want to keep track of in a file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/587">TS</a>]

00:09:50   system you do because you don't want to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/590">TS</a>]

00:09:51   be something to be really quick to read [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/591">TS</a>]

00:09:53   from but really slow to write because [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/593">TS</a>]

00:09:54   file systems tend to do all that stuff [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/594">TS</a>]

00:09:56   read write and delete in and generally [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/596">TS</a>]

00:09:58   you know equal measures but B trees are [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/598">TS</a>]

00:10:04   not particularly good when it comes to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/604">TS</a>]

00:10:06   the strategy the ZFS implements where [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/606">TS</a>]

00:10:08   they never overwrite data in place you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/608">TS</a>]

00:10:11   know that's the this is the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/611">TS</a>]

00:10:12   copy-on-write strategy where if you have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/612">TS</a>]

00:10:14   new data to write write in to a new [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/614">TS</a>]

00:10:16   location [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/616">TS</a>]

00:10:17   rather than writing over on top of the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/617">TS</a>]

00:10:18   open and if you want a mod that's to put [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/618">TS</a>]

00:10:20   the copy-on-write means and saying if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/620">TS</a>]

00:10:21   it's time for you to write some data [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/621">TS</a>]

00:10:23   instead of overwriting the data find [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/623">TS</a>]

00:10:25   where that data is and then make a new [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/625">TS</a>]

00:10:27   copy of it somewhere else it's different [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/627">TS</a>]

00:10:29   than the old one but B trees are not [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/629">TS</a>]

00:10:32   compatible with that at all because if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/632">TS</a>]

00:10:34   you were to naively implement copy and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/634">TS</a>]

00:10:35   write with the B tree then anytime you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/635">TS</a>]

00:10:37   changed anything the entire tree from [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/637">TS</a>]

00:10:39   top to bottom would have to be changed [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/639">TS</a>]

00:10:40   because the changes would propagate back [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/640">TS</a>]

00:10:43   up the tree because you're making a new [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/643">TS</a>]

00:10:44   instance so almost all B trees and file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/644">TS</a>]

00:10:46   systems and by the way HFS+ and H of s [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/646">TS</a>]

00:10:49   use B trees extensively B trees and file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/649">TS</a>]

00:10:52   systems tend to be updated in place [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/652">TS</a>]

00:10:53   because that preserves all the desirable [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/653">TS</a>]

00:10:55   performance characteristics of a B tree [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/655">TS</a>]

00:10:57   and once you start saying oh we can't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/657">TS</a>]

00:10:58   update anything in place we always had [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/658">TS</a>]

00:10:59   to write a new dated a new location and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/659">TS</a>]

00:11:01   B trees seemed useless so many years ago [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/661">TS</a>]

00:11:05   someone named Oh had Road [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/665">TS</a>]

00:11:07   a I don't know if I got this name right [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/667">TS</a>]

00:11:08   OHA D ro deh wrote an academic paper as [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/668">TS</a>]

00:11:12   people in academia tend to do about a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/672">TS</a>]

00:11:15   new kind of bee tree that was friendly [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/675">TS</a>]

00:11:18   to copy-on-write he found a way that if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/678">TS</a>]

00:11:20   you all you change bee trees in this way [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/680">TS</a>]

00:11:21   then we actually can get reasonably good [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/681">TS</a>]

00:11:23   performance characteristics while still [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/683">TS</a>]

00:11:25   not ever updating data in place and this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/685">TS</a>]

00:11:29   academic paper probably sat around for a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/689">TS</a>]

00:11:30   while until someone named Chris Mason [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/690">TS</a>]

00:11:32   found this and said hey if I have a bee [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/692">TS</a>]

00:11:36   tree structure that's also friendly - [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/696">TS</a>]

00:11:37   copy-on-write maybe I can use that in a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/697">TS</a>]

00:11:40   new file system and his big insight for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/700">TS</a>]

00:11:44   creating a new file system was to decide [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/704">TS</a>]

00:11:47   that everything in the file system will [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/707">TS</a>]

00:11:50   be stored in one of these copy-on-write [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/710">TS</a>]

00:11:51   friendly bee trees normally you have bee [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/711">TS</a>]

00:11:54   trees first restoring like oh I'll keep [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/714">TS</a>]

00:11:56   track of directory entries with the bee [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/716">TS</a>]

00:11:59   tree but when I'll have a separate data [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/719">TS</a>]

00:12:00   structure for keeping track of free [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/720">TS</a>]

00:12:02   space like a bitmap or something and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/722">TS</a>]

00:12:03   I'll have a separate structure for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/723">TS</a>]

00:12:04   keeping track of extensors you know it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/724">TS</a>]

00:12:08   there are usually different kinds of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/728">TS</a>]

00:12:09   data structures tailored for each [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/729">TS</a>]

00:12:10   purpose he decided well this data [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/730">TS</a>]

00:12:12   structure looks so great what if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/732">TS</a>]

00:12:13   everything is stored in one of these [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/733">TS</a>]

00:12:15   copy IRB trees I'll star the directory [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/735">TS</a>]

00:12:17   entries the the free space lists the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/737">TS</a>]

00:12:19   extents that the file data itself [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/739">TS</a>]

00:12:22   everything in one of these bee trees and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/742">TS</a>]

00:12:23   that's a nice unifying concept because [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/743">TS</a>]

00:12:27   it means that you only really need to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/747">TS</a>]

00:12:28   have one code path once you get your [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/748">TS</a>]

00:12:31   code for reading writing and modifying [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/751">TS</a>]

00:12:32   these bee trees like down pat and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/752">TS</a>]

00:12:34   debugged you're all set you don't have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/754">TS</a>]

00:12:36   to say okay well what about the code [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/756">TS</a>]

00:12:37   that manages the free space and what [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/757">TS</a>]

00:12:38   about the code that manages the direct [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/758">TS</a>]

00:12:40   Rangers well you not not 17 different [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/760">TS</a>]

00:12:42   algorithms and 17 different data [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/762">TS</a>]

00:12:43   structure just one thing and you know so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/763">TS</a>]

00:12:45   the code is simpler smaller and a nicely [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/765">TS</a>]

00:12:48   uniform and programmers love this type [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/768">TS</a>]

00:12:49   of thing so that's the basis of btrfs [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/769">TS</a>]

00:12:53   building an entire file system on this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/773">TS</a>]

00:12:55   this new data structure and that's very [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/775">TS</a>]

00:12:59   interesting to me I didn't I didn't know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/779">TS</a>]

00:13:01   this before I had read it definitely [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/781">TS</a>]

00:13:02   hits all of my buttons of her computer [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/782">TS</a>]

00:13:06   science and programmers like oh it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/786">TS</a>]

00:13:08   beautiful and elegant and has great [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/788">TS</a>]

00:13:09   performance characteristics and has all [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/789">TS</a>]

00:13:10   these features of ZFS the article goes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/790">TS</a>]

00:13:12   into much more detail about how ZFS and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/792">TS</a>]

00:13:15   btrfs [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/795">TS</a>]

00:13:16   are the same and how they differ they [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/796">TS</a>]

00:13:19   both kind of arrived similar [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/799">TS</a>]

00:13:20   from different directions and they do [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/800">TS</a>]

00:13:23   have different advantages and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/803">TS</a>]

00:13:24   disadvantages or asset each other so I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/804">TS</a>]

00:13:25   encourage everyone to actually follow [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/805">TS</a>]

00:13:26   that link and read it is not that long [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/806">TS</a>]

00:13:28   and it's not too jargon inducing it's a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/808">TS</a>]

00:13:30   short history of BTR oh I almost added a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/810">TS</a>]

00:13:32   butter fs and we will be revisiting this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/812">TS</a>]

00:13:37   topic in a bit once we get through the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/817">TS</a>]

00:13:39   official follow up Lenny P Robert writes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/819">TS</a>]

00:13:44   to tell me that there is a program that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/824">TS</a>]

00:13:48   will look through your HFS+ volume and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/828">TS</a>]

00:13:54   try to detect if there are any errors [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/834">TS</a>]

00:13:57   and how does it do this it check sums [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/837">TS</a>]

00:14:01   everything and writes a bunch of little [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/841">TS</a>]

00:14:03   checksum files to each directory and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/843">TS</a>]

00:14:05   then the next time you ask the check it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/845">TS</a>]

00:14:07   says ok I have this file here this has [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/847">TS</a>]

00:14:09   the checksum supposed to be blah [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/849">TS</a>]

00:14:10   I will recheck some all these files and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/850">TS</a>]

00:14:12   see if it matches a lot of people were [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/852">TS</a>]

00:14:15   asking me hey I'm afraid that my data is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/855">TS</a>]

00:14:17   going bad on my HFS+ volumes how do I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/857">TS</a>]

00:14:19   tell and I did I had wasn't aware of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/859">TS</a>]

00:14:24   this program before but other people [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/864">TS</a>]

00:14:26   wrote in with it so I replied so this is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/866">TS</a>]

00:14:28   one of the tools available to you now if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/868">TS</a>]

00:14:29   you think about it for too long you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/869">TS</a>]

00:14:31   realize that this program which is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/871">TS</a>]

00:14:32   called integrity checker by the way it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/872">TS</a>]

00:14:36   kind of in a catch-22 because it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/876">TS</a>]

00:14:41   storing the check sums on the same disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/881">TS</a>]

00:14:44   that you're not trusting to make sure [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/884">TS</a>]

00:14:48   your data is ok you know what I mean so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/888">TS</a>]

00:14:50   if you have a bit error and it happens [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/890">TS</a>]

00:14:53   to be an error in the checksum file then [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/893">TS</a>]

00:14:57   it would look like all your data is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/897">TS</a>]

00:14:57   corrupted and really it's the checksum [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/897">TS</a>]

00:14:59   that's corrupted so the very least this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/899">TS</a>]

00:15:01   might tell you something is wrong what [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/901">TS</a>]

00:15:04   exactly is wrong what you can do but I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/904">TS</a>]

00:15:06   don't know but you could use this for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/906">TS</a>]

00:15:08   example to keep proving to yourself that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/908">TS</a>]

00:15:10   your backups are the same as they were [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/910">TS</a>]

00:15:12   the last time you know like I haven't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/912">TS</a>]

00:15:15   modified anything let me look at my time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/915">TS</a>]

00:15:16   machine back up as of three months ago [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/916">TS</a>]

00:15:18   is that data still exactly what it was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/918">TS</a>]

00:15:20   when I wrote it three months ago [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/920">TS</a>]

00:15:22   or is there something wrong with it when [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/922">TS</a>]

00:15:24   there is something wrong you may not be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/924">TS</a>]

00:15:25   able to tell exactly what's wrong but at [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/925">TS</a>]

00:15:26   least you know your data is bad so I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/926">TS</a>]

00:15:29   have a link to this product in the show [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/929">TS</a>]

00:15:30   notes I have not tried it myself I don't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/930">TS</a>]

00:15:32   even know how much it costs [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/932">TS</a>]

00:15:34   but for people who are paranoid about [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/934">TS</a>]

00:15:36   data integrity it's it's seems that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/936">TS</a>]

00:15:39   third parties are taking up the mantle [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/939">TS</a>]

00:15:40   of attempting to do something about this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/940">TS</a>]

00:15:44   problem as you might imagine anything [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/944">TS</a>]

00:15:47   that's going to grind over your whole [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/947">TS</a>]

00:15:48   disk and checksum every single thing and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/948">TS</a>]

00:15:50   check their the check sums are the same [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/950">TS</a>]

00:15:51   it's going to be tremendously i/o [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/951">TS</a>]

00:15:53   intensive and it probably takes a really [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/953">TS</a>]

00:15:55   long time that's what you get when you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/955">TS</a>]

00:15:58   have to do it on top of an existing file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/958">TS</a>]

00:16:00   system instead of having it built in and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/960">TS</a>]

00:16:05   Gregory Williams pointed me to another [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/965">TS</a>]

00:16:08   third-party product this one allows you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/968">TS</a>]

00:16:13   to tap into HFS+ native compression that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/973">TS</a>]

00:16:17   was introduced in Snow Leopard I've [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/977">TS</a>]

00:16:18   talked about in last show how there was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/978">TS</a>]

00:16:20   no like UI for that in the in the OS and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/980">TS</a>]

00:16:24   Apple decided to compress a whole bunch [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/984">TS</a>]

00:16:26   of files sort of out of the box but you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/986">TS</a>]

00:16:27   didn't really have any control over that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/987">TS</a>]

00:16:29   well this is a preference pane called [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/989">TS</a>]

00:16:31   clusters from late night software and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/991">TS</a>]

00:16:35   with it you can tell it hey any files [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/995">TS</a>]

00:16:39   under a particular folder flip that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/999">TS</a>]

00:16:41   little HFS+ compression bit and compress [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1001">TS</a>]

00:16:42   them for you and it's complete [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1002">TS</a>]

00:16:43   transparent encryption you don't know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1003">TS</a>]

00:16:44   they're encrypted there's no like [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1004">TS</a>]

00:16:47   decryption phase that you can see it all [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1007">TS</a>]

00:16:49   happens under the covers in the file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1009">TS</a>]

00:16:50   system so you can save some space with [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1010">TS</a>]

00:16:53   this now don't turn this on for a folder [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1013">TS</a>]

00:16:55   full of QuickTime movies or something [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1015">TS</a>]

00:16:56   because they're already compressed and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1016">TS</a>]

00:16:58   you're not going to get much more out of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1018">TS</a>]

00:16:59   them if you have some easily [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1019">TS</a>]

00:17:00   compressible data and you would like to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1020">TS</a>]

00:17:01   have it transparently compressed for you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1021">TS</a>]

00:17:03   this may be the ticket on the other hand [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1023">TS</a>]

00:17:07   it's possible that there's a good reason [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1027">TS</a>]

00:17:10   that Apple has not exposed the HFS+ [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1030">TS</a>]

00:17:13   compression in the user interface so I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1033">TS</a>]

00:17:17   think this type of software is the type [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1037">TS</a>]

00:17:19   of thing that exists on the borderline [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1039">TS</a>]

00:17:20   between what Apple what Apple's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1040">TS</a>]

00:17:22   operating system is capable of and what [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1042">TS</a>]

00:17:24   they recommend third-party developers [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1044">TS</a>]

00:17:25   use and we will touch on that again [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1045">TS</a>]

00:17:27   actually later in the show and I also [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1047">TS</a>]

00:17:32   put a link in the show notes to the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1052">TS</a>]

00:17:34   section about hfs+ compression in my [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1054">TS</a>]

00:17:37   snow leopard review from 2009 alright so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1057">TS</a>]

00:17:42   that's the end of the official follow-up [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1062">TS</a>]

00:17:43   and now we begin the unofficial fall off [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1063">TS</a>]

00:17:46   which is the main topic of the show [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1066">TS</a>]

00:17:47   which is more [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1067">TS</a>]

00:17:48   files isms because believe it or not the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1068">TS</a>]

00:17:50   end of the last show I thought of 20 [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1070">TS</a>]

00:17:51   things that I didn't talk about related [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1071">TS</a>]

00:17:54   to file systems and a lot of people [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1074">TS</a>]

00:17:55   asked about them hmm well let's do our [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1075">TS</a>]

00:17:57   first sponsor and then we'll kick that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1077">TS</a>]

00:17:58   part off what do you think sounds good [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1078">TS</a>]

00:18:00   our first sponsor is a longtime sponsor [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1080">TS</a>]

00:18:02   shopify calm love these guys [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1082">TS</a>]

00:18:05   very simply I've told you about them [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1085">TS</a>]

00:18:07   before create your online store today [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1087">TS</a>]

00:18:09   with Shopify they make it super simple [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1089">TS</a>]

00:18:12   to make your own store and you can sell [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1092">TS</a>]

00:18:14   whatever you want one of the questions [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1094">TS</a>]

00:18:16   that I had people were asking me about [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1096">TS</a>]

00:18:17   this so well that's perfectly fine if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1097">TS</a>]

00:18:19   you're selling you know physical goods [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1099">TS</a>]

00:18:20   if you're selling a t-shirt or you're [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1100">TS</a>]

00:18:22   selling electronics or you have a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1102">TS</a>]

00:18:24   Kickstarter project that you know you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1104">TS</a>]

00:18:26   need the storefront for it what if I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1106">TS</a>]

00:18:28   want to sell something electronic what [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1108">TS</a>]

00:18:29   if I wrote a book you know and I want to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1109">TS</a>]

00:18:32   sell the PDF of it or what if I have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1112">TS</a>]

00:18:34   something that I want to control down [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1114">TS</a>]

00:18:35   yes of course you can do that with [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1115">TS</a>]

00:18:38   Shopify dot-com there are tons of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1118">TS</a>]

00:18:39   add-ons and tons of little things that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1119">TS</a>]

00:18:41   that people have written it for exactly [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1121">TS</a>]

00:18:43   this kind of thing in fact my friend [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1123">TS</a>]

00:18:46   Jeffrey's elderman they have a company [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1126">TS</a>]

00:18:48   called a book apart and all of the books [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1128">TS</a>]

00:18:51   that they do for designers and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1131">TS</a>]

00:18:52   developers [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1132">TS</a>]

00:18:52   that's a Shopify store and they [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1132">TS</a>]

00:18:54   customized the heck out of it you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1134">TS</a>]

00:18:56   wouldn't even recognize it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1136">TS</a>]

00:18:57   it's totally so here's the deal normally [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1137">TS</a>]

00:19:00   you go in there and you sign up on [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1140">TS</a>]

00:19:02   Shopify com you get 30 days free use the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1142">TS</a>]

00:19:04   coupon code 5x5 when you're signing up [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1144">TS</a>]

00:19:07   you'll get three months free and of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1147">TS</a>]

00:19:09   course you can use the site and sell [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1149">TS</a>]

00:19:11   everything you want within that that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1151">TS</a>]

00:19:13   time frame of course you can so go there [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1153">TS</a>]

00:19:16   today Shopify com coupon code 5x5 and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1156">TS</a>]

00:19:19   join more than 20,000 stores selling [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1159">TS</a>]

00:19:22   their stuff on Shopify John himself [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1162">TS</a>]

00:19:25   you're even opening up a store I am NOT [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1165">TS</a>]

00:19:29   gonna be selling USB headsets [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1169">TS</a>]

00:19:35   all right already main topic yes the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1175">TS</a>]

00:19:39   main topic is actually inspired by [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1179">TS</a>]

00:19:40   follow-up and you mentioned at the very [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1180">TS</a>]

00:19:41   top of the show because you've been [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1181">TS</a>]

00:19:43   seeing the same emails as I have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1183">TS</a>]

00:19:44   everybody was asking in the last show [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1184">TS</a>]

00:19:46   all you know so I listened your show [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1186">TS</a>]

00:19:47   about file systems how does all this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1187">TS</a>]

00:19:50   change in light of solid state disks [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1190">TS</a>]

00:19:52   that is the question of the week ah and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1192">TS</a>]

00:19:57   I didn't talk about it in last show so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1197">TS</a>]

00:19:59   we'll talk about it now I'll use it as a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1199">TS</a>]

00:20:00   jumping-off point to talk more about [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1200">TS</a>]

00:20:01   these file systems in general one of the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1201">TS</a>]

00:20:05   reasons I didn't talk about it is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1205">TS</a>]

00:20:06   because there's no clear answer how does [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1206">TS</a>]

00:20:11   it change and it's not even we can't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1211">TS</a>]

00:20:13   even say it changes completely or not at [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1213">TS</a>]

00:20:15   all it's somewhere in the middle so I'm [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1215">TS</a>]

00:20:17   trying to think of things that file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1217">TS</a>]

00:20:23   systems do that clearly have spinning [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1223">TS</a>]

00:20:28   disks in mind as a way to get into the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1228">TS</a>]

00:20:32   topic of how that might change with SSDs [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1232">TS</a>]

00:20:34   so the biggest one I could think of them [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1234">TS</a>]

00:20:36   are you going to go some more is putting [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1236">TS</a>]

00:20:40   related information close together on [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1240">TS</a>]

00:20:42   the disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1242">TS</a>]

00:20:43   because the big thing you want to avoid [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1243">TS</a>]

00:20:44   on a spinning disk is moving the disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1244">TS</a>]

00:20:47   head that is by far the most time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1247">TS</a>]

00:20:49   consuming thing you have to do because [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1249">TS</a>]

00:20:51   especially with you know diskette disks [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1251">TS</a>]

00:20:54   are getting faster but the speed with [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1254">TS</a>]

00:20:55   which you can move a disk head from one [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1255">TS</a>]

00:20:57   place to another on a disk has not been [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1257">TS</a>]

00:20:59   getting faster nearly as much as the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1259">TS</a>]

00:21:01   size of disks have been increasing you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1261">TS</a>]

00:21:03   know because you have to move the little [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1263">TS</a>]

00:21:05   head and then wait for it to stop it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1265">TS</a>]

00:21:07   exactly over some microscopic little [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1267">TS</a>]

00:21:08   track on the disk and then wait for it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1268">TS</a>]

00:21:10   to stop wiggling back and forth and sort [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1270">TS</a>]

00:21:12   of settle down so we can read again and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1272">TS</a>]

00:21:14   they can do that amazingly fast it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1274">TS</a>]

00:21:16   like a seek times like nine milliseconds [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1276">TS</a>]

00:21:18   or something like that but it's still [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1278">TS</a>]

00:21:21   super slow compared to how fast they can [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1281">TS</a>]

00:21:23   stream data off a single location on [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1283">TS</a>]

00:21:25   disk so putting stuff together on a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1285">TS</a>]

00:21:28   spinning disk is really important you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1288">TS</a>]

00:21:31   can see this yourself I think regular [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1291">TS</a>]

00:21:32   users have some idea about this when you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1292">TS</a>]

00:21:35   have a like a 100 megabyte folder and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1295">TS</a>]

00:21:39   but it's filled with thousands and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1299">TS</a>]

00:21:41   thousands of files there are a few bytes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1301">TS</a>]

00:21:42   each how long does it take to duplicate [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1302">TS</a>]

00:21:45   that versus how long does it take [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1305">TS</a>]

00:21:47   duplicate a single hundred megabyte [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1307">TS</a>]

00:21:48   phile if your disc is not full and you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1308">TS</a>]

00:21:50   have lots of free space duplicating a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1310">TS</a>]

00:21:51   single hundred megabyte file can be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1311">TS</a>]

00:21:53   really fast amazingly fast basically if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1313">TS</a>]

00:21:55   the hundred megabyte file is kind of all [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1315">TS</a>]

00:21:57   all the data of it is kind of in this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1317">TS</a>]

00:22:00   similar place on the disk you don't need [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1320">TS</a>]

00:22:01   to do many seeks you read long sequences [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1321">TS</a>]

00:22:03   of bytes off of the disk before you have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1323">TS</a>]

00:22:05   to move the disk head to get the rest of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1325">TS</a>]

00:22:07   the bytes that's really fast but moving [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1327">TS</a>]

00:22:10   thousands and thousands of little files [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1330">TS</a>]

00:22:12   even the total amount of data is the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1332">TS</a>]

00:22:14   same to get it thousands of thousands [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1334">TS</a>]

00:22:15   little files well you have to go read [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1335">TS</a>]

00:22:17   the directory entry and that's imagine [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1337">TS</a>]

00:22:18   this is hfs+ to go to go to the catalog [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1338">TS</a>]

00:22:20   file which is in a central location so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1340">TS</a>]

00:22:21   you read the directory entry and then [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1341">TS</a>]

00:22:22   the catalog file points you'd okay [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1342">TS</a>]

00:22:23   here's the first file and here's what [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1343">TS</a>]

00:22:25   it's called and here's what the bytes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1345">TS</a>]

00:22:26   are so move this can get the bytes for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1346">TS</a>]

00:22:28   that file and that's really quick [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1348">TS</a>]

00:22:29   because there's only a few bytes and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1349">TS</a>]

00:22:30   then write the file to the new location [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1350">TS</a>]

00:22:32   so make a new directory entry that's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1352">TS</a>]

00:22:33   back to the catalog file and write the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1353">TS</a>]

00:22:35   name of the file there and then write [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1355">TS</a>]

00:22:36   the bytes for the file okay let's write [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1356">TS</a>]

00:22:38   those flights with a file someplace else [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1358">TS</a>]

00:22:39   and dusk you've done like six seeks and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1359">TS</a>]

00:22:40   all you've copied is like two bytes of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1360">TS</a>]

00:22:42   data like if this was a tiny little file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1362">TS</a>]

00:22:44   in fact most your time might have been [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1364">TS</a>]

00:22:47   spent just writing the metadata about [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1367">TS</a>]

00:22:49   the files name the date you know all [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1369">TS</a>]

00:22:50   these other other information but you're [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1370">TS</a>]

00:22:52   seeking all over the disk get a little [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1372">TS</a>]

00:22:54   bit of data to go back to the catalog [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1374">TS</a>]

00:22:56   file write the new location write the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1376">TS</a>]

00:22:57   data it takes forever because seeking [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1377">TS</a>]

00:22:59   time starts to dominate how long the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1379">TS</a>]

00:23:02   entire operation takes whereas the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1382">TS</a>]

00:23:03   actual writing data to disk when you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1383">TS</a>]

00:23:05   look at the stats on a disk like into a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1385">TS</a>]

00:23:06   30 megabytes per second or 40 megabytes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1386">TS</a>]

00:23:08   per second yeah that's how much you can [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1388">TS</a>]

00:23:10   write if the disk head is pretty much [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1390">TS</a>]

00:23:12   not moving and the disk is spinning [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1392">TS</a>]

00:23:13   underneath it once you start moving the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1393">TS</a>]

00:23:15   diskette around you're spending all your [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1395">TS</a>]

00:23:17   time moving and very little time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1397">TS</a>]

00:23:18   actually writing data so the big thing [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1398">TS</a>]

00:23:21   that file systems try to do in in the at [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1401">TS</a>]

00:23:24   all times but especially in the modern [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1404">TS</a>]

00:23:26   age is no disk seeks put related stuff [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1406">TS</a>]

00:23:28   close together pack it all next to each [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1408">TS</a>]

00:23:29   other don't make the disk ad move around [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1409">TS</a>]

00:23:32   so how does that relate to SSDs the big [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1412">TS</a>]

00:23:37   thing with us is these is you know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1417">TS</a>]

00:23:38   there's no moving parts there's no disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1418">TS</a>]

00:23:40   kid moving back and forth trying to grab [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1420">TS</a>]

00:23:44   little pieces just it's just a bunch of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1424">TS</a>]

00:23:45   memory chips and the naive view of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1425">TS</a>]

00:23:47   memory checks is like oh I can get at [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1427">TS</a>]

00:23:48   any part of those memory chips instantly [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1428">TS</a>]

00:23:50   I don't have to move anything anywhere I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1430">TS</a>]

00:23:52   just say give me byte number 56 and I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1432">TS</a>]

00:23:54   get it give me byte number 3000 and I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1434">TS</a>]

00:23:56   get it and asking for byte 56 directly [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1436">TS</a>]

00:23:58   after I asked for but 3000 it doesn't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1438">TS</a>]

00:24:00   make any difference right [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1440">TS</a>]

00:24:01   there's no there's nothing to move well [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1441">TS</a>]

00:24:05   flash memory unfortunately is not as [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1445">TS</a>]

00:24:07   simple as the naive view of memory might [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1447">TS</a>]

00:24:10   be there are some limitations and the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1450">TS</a>]

00:24:14   limitations are different for flash [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1454">TS</a>]

00:24:16   memory of different kinds a different [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1456">TS</a>]

00:24:17   for DRAM differing for all sorts of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1457">TS</a>]

00:24:19   memory chips the stuff that goes on [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1459">TS</a>]

00:24:20   inside the memory chips we like to think [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1460">TS</a>]

00:24:21   of it as a black box that just stores [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1461">TS</a>]

00:24:23   our bits and gives us back but it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1463">TS</a>]

00:24:24   really fiendishly complex and you don't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1464">TS</a>]

00:24:26   know how for example DRAM works I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1466">TS</a>]

00:24:28   encourage you to go to Wikipedia and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1468">TS</a>]

00:24:30   read about how DRAM works you will [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1470">TS</a>]

00:24:32   probably be horrified and amazed at any [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1472">TS</a>]

00:24:34   Forks at all pieces it's terrifyingly [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1474">TS</a>]

00:24:35   scary flash is similarly terrifying it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1475">TS</a>]

00:24:39   has these crazy limitations that don't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1479">TS</a>]

00:24:40   make any sense until you figure out how [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1480">TS</a>]

00:24:42   like the chips are actually laid out and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1482">TS</a>]

00:24:43   how the physics work and the economics [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1483">TS</a>]

00:24:45   of fabbing and why they're made this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1485">TS</a>]

00:24:47   play I'll try to give a reasonable [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1487">TS</a>]

00:24:50   high-level summary of it but the short [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1490">TS</a>]

00:24:53   answer is that it does help to have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1493">TS</a>]

00:24:57   things near each other when when using [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1497">TS</a>]

00:25:01   flash memory because although it doesn't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1501">TS</a>]

00:25:04   take any time - there's nothing to seek [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1504">TS</a>]

00:25:06   from one location to the other flash [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1506">TS</a>]

00:25:09   memory cannot be arbitrarily updated in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1509">TS</a>]

00:25:12   exactly the size pieces that you want [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1512">TS</a>]

00:25:14   there are larger chunks that you know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1514">TS</a>]

00:25:17   you can't just say okay I want I'm going [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1517">TS</a>]

00:25:19   to write two bytes here I'm going to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1519">TS</a>]

00:25:20   write one byte there and about 1 byte [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1520">TS</a>]

00:25:21   over there and everything's hunky-dory [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1521">TS</a>]

00:25:23   if the flash chips themselves tend to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1523">TS</a>]

00:25:26   have to do operations in larger evenly [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1526">TS</a>]

00:25:28   sized chunks than you would want so that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1528">TS</a>]

00:25:30   might mean erasing an entire block we [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1530">TS</a>]

00:25:33   are reading the entire contents of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1533">TS</a>]

00:25:34   entire block erasing the whole thing and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1534">TS</a>]

00:25:37   writing it back plus the change instead [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1537">TS</a>]

00:25:39   of just writing your change I tried to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1539">TS</a>]

00:25:42   highlight the one part that's relevant [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1542">TS</a>]

00:25:43   most relevant from the Wikipedia page to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1543">TS</a>]

00:25:46   a NAND flash memory that's moved in most [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1546">TS</a>]

00:25:49   flash drives and the upshot according to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1549">TS</a>]

00:25:52   Wikipedia and I don't know enough about [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1552">TS</a>]

00:25:54   it to know whether this is accurate but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1554">TS</a>]

00:25:55   I assume it probably is because it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1555">TS</a>]

00:25:57   just a technical matter is that it says [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1557">TS</a>]

00:26:01   you can erase memory a block at a time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1561">TS</a>]

00:26:05   but so you can read it in a little [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1565">TS</a>]

00:26:08   pieces and you can write it in little [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1568">TS</a>]

00:26:10   pieces but you can only erase it a block [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1570">TS</a>]

00:26:11   at the time and the next wrinkle to that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1571">TS</a>]

00:26:13   is that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1573">TS</a>]

00:26:15   when you erase you set all the bits but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1575">TS</a>]

00:26:18   when you set them you can only clear [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1578">TS</a>]

00:26:19   bits so if you're setting something in a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1579">TS</a>]

00:26:22   region that has all ones in it all you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1582">TS</a>]

00:26:25   got to do is blank out the ones that are [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1585">TS</a>]

00:26:26   zeros to make your bit patterns so if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1586">TS</a>]

00:26:28   you're writing one zero one zero and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1588">TS</a>]

00:26:29   you've got one one one one [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1589">TS</a>]

00:26:31   you just blank out those two ones and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1591">TS</a>]

00:26:33   voila one zero one zero you just wrote [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1593">TS</a>]

00:26:34   only the amount of data you needed ah [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1594">TS</a>]

00:26:38   but when you erase it you have to erase [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1598">TS</a>]

00:26:40   the entire thing the entire block and a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1600">TS</a>]

00:26:42   block is much bigger than the region [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1602">TS</a>]

00:26:44   you're just interested in updating and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1604">TS</a>]

00:26:45   since you can only clear disks if a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1605">TS</a>]

00:26:48   region has more zeros than the data [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1608">TS</a>]

00:26:49   you're about to write there like I can't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1609">TS</a>]

00:26:51   I can't write this because I all I can [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1611">TS</a>]

00:26:53   do is change things it all I can do is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1613">TS</a>]

00:26:57   change things to zeros but it's already [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1617">TS</a>]

00:26:58   got too many zeros I can't change that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1618">TS</a>]

00:27:00   zero to a one [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1620">TS</a>]

00:27:00   so if I can't change a zero to one my [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1620">TS</a>]

00:27:03   only option is to erase this entire [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1623">TS</a>]

00:27:05   block set it all to ones we're going to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1625">TS</a>]

00:27:07   read the block first erase the entire [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1627">TS</a>]

00:27:08   block and write the entire block back [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1628">TS</a>]

00:27:10   plus my changes there are probably [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1630">TS</a>]

00:27:14   better articles about this and someone [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1634">TS</a>]

00:27:16   hasn't been the show at Stan and tech I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1636">TS</a>]

00:27:17   was trying to Google for better links to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1637">TS</a>]

00:27:19   this before I started so I will add this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1639">TS</a>]

00:27:21   one they came up in the show notes we [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1641">TS</a>]

00:27:23   link to the print only version of it but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1643">TS</a>]

00:27:25   I guess I'll throw them in there so it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1645">TS</a>]

00:27:29   means the ETL details don't matter but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1649">TS</a>]

00:27:31   the point is that operations to flash [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1651">TS</a>]

00:27:34   memory don't necessarily only modify the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1654">TS</a>]

00:27:36   bits that you're interested in sometimes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1656">TS</a>]

00:27:38   they have to modify entire large blocks [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1658">TS</a>]

00:27:40   of bits even if you're only interested [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1660">TS</a>]

00:27:43   in changing a small portion of so that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1663">TS</a>]

00:27:46   argues for trying to make your data [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1666">TS</a>]

00:27:50   that's related close to each other [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1670">TS</a>]

00:27:52   otherwise you're going to spend your [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1672">TS</a>]

00:27:53   time erasing an entire block of data [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1673">TS</a>]

00:27:55   just to put one byte there and then [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1675">TS</a>]

00:27:57   erase it all totally unrelated block [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1677">TS</a>]

00:27:59   about to put to put another byte there [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1679">TS</a>]

00:28:02   now I'm not sure if this means that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1682">TS</a>]

00:28:05   putting stuff close together is like a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1685">TS</a>]

00:28:07   big win on flash certainly it's not as [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1687">TS</a>]

00:28:09   big a win as it is on spinning disks but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1689">TS</a>]

00:28:12   at the very least it probably does no [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1692">TS</a>]

00:28:14   harm and there are reasons to think that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1694">TS</a>]

00:28:17   it might be beneficial like these same [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1697">TS</a>]

00:28:19   file system layouts that put things [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1699">TS</a>]

00:28:23   close together would also benefit flash [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1703">TS</a>]

00:28:25   memory because then [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1705">TS</a>]

00:28:27   that's it do operations that modify more [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1707">TS</a>]

00:28:31   of the block the whole block rhythm I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1711">TS</a>]

00:28:33   need to erase but the flipside of that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1713">TS</a>]

00:28:35   is if there is a file system that goes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1715">TS</a>]

00:28:37   through great lengths and bends over [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1717">TS</a>]

00:28:38   backwards and has a really complicated [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1718">TS</a>]

00:28:40   structure completely aimed at minimizing [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1720">TS</a>]

00:28:42   seeks it's like all we just got to pack [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1722">TS</a>]

00:28:44   everything together and we have to do [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1724">TS</a>]

00:28:45   all this complicated stuff and the code [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1725">TS</a>]

00:28:47   is complicated and the i/o scheduling is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1727">TS</a>]

00:28:49   complicated also it can avoid seeks it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1729">TS</a>]

00:28:52   could be that that complexity is not [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1732">TS</a>]

00:28:55   worth the benefit that you get in SSDs [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1735">TS</a>]

00:28:57   and a file system that doesn't go to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1737">TS</a>]

00:28:58   such great lengths to make sure data is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1738">TS</a>]

00:29:00   as close together but is much simpler [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1740">TS</a>]

00:29:03   much more reliable and as fewer bugs or [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1743">TS</a>]

00:29:05   whatever might be fine on an SSD because [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1745">TS</a>]

00:29:08   the things that hurt it on spinning disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1748">TS</a>]

00:29:10   don't hurt it as much there so that's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1750">TS</a>]

00:29:13   not a very good answer the answer is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1753">TS</a>]

00:29:14   basically it depends and and I don't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1754">TS</a>]

00:29:17   think anyone is really sure and all the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1757">TS</a>]

00:29:19   file systems that I've been talking [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1759">TS</a>]

00:29:21   about with the possible section of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1761">TS</a>]

00:29:23   session of butter FS were conceived in a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1763">TS</a>]

00:29:26   time when people didn't realize that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1766">TS</a>]

00:29:28   SSDs would be the phenomenon that they [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1768">TS</a>]

00:29:30   are as ZFS is but I think it's close to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1770">TS</a>]

00:29:34   ten years old now it's pretty old and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1774">TS</a>]

00:29:36   back then yes SSDs existed and they [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1776">TS</a>]

00:29:39   certainly didn't want to do anything [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1779">TS</a>]

00:29:40   that would be silly on an SSD and I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1780">TS</a>]

00:29:43   don't think they did but they wasn't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1783">TS</a>]

00:29:45   designed for an SSD many of the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1785">TS</a>]

00:29:47   considerations in the file system design [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1787">TS</a>]

00:29:49   were based on spinning disks and butter [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1789">TS</a>]

00:29:52   FS looks a lot like ZFS but it's newer [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1792">TS</a>]

00:29:58   so they may have more SSD stuff in mind [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1798">TS</a>]

00:30:00   certainly there is no file system that I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1800">TS</a>]

00:30:02   know of that's in widespread use it was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1802">TS</a>]

00:30:05   designed from the ground up to say [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1805">TS</a>]

00:30:06   forget spinning disks in fact if you run [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1806">TS</a>]

00:30:09   this on a spinning disk it might be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1809">TS</a>]

00:30:10   hideous and terrible this is entirely a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1810">TS</a>]

00:30:12   ended SSD Boyd Watters wrote in to say [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1812">TS</a>]

00:30:16   that to quote him plopping NAND flash [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1816">TS</a>]

00:30:21   behind a SATA interface is stupid so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1821">TS</a>]

00:30:24   what he's put is showing is that thing [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1824">TS</a>]

00:30:25   of the storage hierarchy that exists in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1825">TS</a>]

00:30:27   current things you got the CPU register [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1827">TS</a>]

00:30:30   file you got the the caching on the CPU [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1830">TS</a>]

00:30:32   then you've got the RAM then you've got [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1832">TS</a>]

00:30:33   the the i/o controller chip then you've [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1833">TS</a>]

00:30:35   got the the SATA interface and then [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1835">TS</a>]

00:30:38   you've got this flash disk and you put [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1838">TS</a>]

00:30:39   discs and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1839">TS</a>]

00:30:40   scare quotes because it's not actually a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1840">TS</a>]

00:30:42   disk why does that big structure exist [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1842">TS</a>]

00:30:47   why do these flash memory chips have to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1847">TS</a>]

00:30:51   pretend they're a spinning disk does [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1851">TS</a>]

00:30:53   that seem like a silly kind of archaic [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1853">TS</a>]

00:30:56   it's kind of like a computational [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1856">TS</a>]

00:30:58   skeuomorphism where it's pretending to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1858">TS</a>]

00:31:02   be a disk because everything expects [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1862">TS</a>]

00:31:03   there to be a disk there but it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1863">TS</a>]

00:31:04   totally not this is an interesting issue [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1864">TS</a>]

00:31:09   that has come up many times in the in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1869">TS</a>]

00:31:11   the past decades like why do we had disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1871">TS</a>]

00:31:13   and memory wouldn't it be nice if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1873">TS</a>]

00:31:15   everything was just memory that's the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1875">TS</a>]

00:31:18   you know the computer science dream [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1878">TS</a>]

00:31:19   everything is just a big open field of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1879">TS</a>]

00:31:21   bits and it can be addressed randomly [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1881">TS</a>]

00:31:24   written land rent they write or read [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1884">TS</a>]

00:31:26   randomly and there's no difference [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1886">TS</a>]

00:31:29   between something's in disk and it's in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1889">TS</a>]

00:31:31   memory just one big continuum one way to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1891">TS</a>]

00:31:33   do that would be to have notice can just [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1893">TS</a>]

00:31:34   have everything in memory because then [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1894">TS</a>]

00:31:36   everything is memory right but that's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1896">TS</a>]

00:31:40   generally not feasible because memory is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1900">TS</a>]

00:31:42   measured in you know gigabytes and disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1902">TS</a>]

00:31:45   space is memory measured in terabytes so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1905">TS</a>]

00:31:48   they're not close and the other thing is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1908">TS</a>]

00:31:49   just less I have a unified interface [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1909">TS</a>]

00:31:50   that yes it's flat flash is slower than [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1910">TS</a>]

00:31:55   then DRAM but the Ihram is also slower [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1915">TS</a>]

00:31:58   than l3 cache which is slower than l2 [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1918">TS</a>]

00:31:59   cache which is slower than l1 cache [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1919">TS</a>]

00:32:01   which is slower than registers it's a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1921">TS</a>]

00:32:02   hierarchy of memory how close quote [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1922">TS</a>]

00:32:05   unquote close is this memory to the CPU [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1925">TS</a>]

00:32:08   how long does it take the CPU to get to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1928">TS</a>]

00:32:10   it that hierarchy exists and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1930">TS</a>]

00:32:12   traditionally if you were to graph how [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1932">TS</a>]

00:32:14   you know how long does it take to get a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1934">TS</a>]

00:32:16   piece of memory out of l1 cache l2 cache [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1936">TS</a>]

00:32:18   l3 cache it's like a hockey stick graph [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1938">TS</a>]

00:32:20   and especially when you hit disk it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1940">TS</a>]

00:32:21   like well now you might as well just go [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1941">TS</a>]

00:32:23   on vacation because that that is not [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1943">TS</a>]

00:32:24   going to be coming back for another 8 [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1944">TS</a>]

00:32:25   billion cycles of the CPU so forget it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1945">TS</a>]

00:32:30   flash memory is faster than just what [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1950">TS</a>]

00:32:32   that wall is still there that the gap [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1952">TS</a>]

00:32:33   between the speed of memory is still [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1953">TS</a>]

00:32:35   there but still the idea is that why not [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1955">TS</a>]

00:32:38   just have this is a uniform storage [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1958">TS</a>]

00:32:39   hierarchy with uniform interface and not [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1959">TS</a>]

00:32:42   have disk i/o to be this totally [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1962">TS</a>]

00:32:44   separate thing that's something that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1964">TS</a>]

00:32:48   someone like Apple is not going to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1968">TS</a>]

00:32:49   probably tackle anytime soon but it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1969">TS</a>]

00:32:52   been in the air [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1972">TS</a>]

00:32:54   probably since the 60s or 70s the idea [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1974">TS</a>]

00:32:56   that a unified interface to memory would [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1976">TS</a>]

00:32:58   be better than and probably a lot of old [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1978">TS</a>]

00:33:00   machines did have a unified interface [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1980">TS</a>]

00:33:01   but in the end the person computer age [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1981">TS</a>]

00:33:05   the split weakened disk in memory is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1985">TS</a>]

00:33:06   pretty baked into the way that we do [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1986">TS</a>]

00:33:09   things so let's consider what might [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1989">TS</a>]

00:33:12   change if everything was unified well [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1992">TS</a>]

00:33:17   one thing that would have to change is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1997">TS</a>]

00:33:19   that the operating system would have to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/1999">TS</a>]

00:33:22   be different because in the operating [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2002">TS</a>]

00:33:23   system the file IO calls are very [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2003">TS</a>]

00:33:25   different from the calls to manipulate [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2005">TS</a>]

00:33:26   memory file alcohols you've got you know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2006">TS</a>]

00:33:28   opening files reading writing files [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2008">TS</a>]

00:33:30   they're just structured differently take [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2010">TS</a>]

00:33:31   different arguments have different [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2011">TS</a>]

00:33:32   semantics than the memory calls which [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2012">TS</a>]

00:33:34   are you know setting memory getting [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2014">TS</a>]

00:33:37   memory copying memory and just bit [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2017">TS</a>]

00:33:39   operations that happen in memory in two [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2019">TS</a>]

00:33:43   entirely different api's so you couldn't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2023">TS</a>]

00:33:46   just say ok memory and disk or all one [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2026">TS</a>]

00:33:47   because everyone's programs wouldn't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2027">TS</a>]

00:33:49   work anymore because that's you know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2029">TS</a>]

00:33:51   you'd have to you'd have to make some [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2031">TS</a>]

00:33:52   sort of shim layer there and ideally [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2032">TS</a>]

00:33:54   you'd want one unified interface to a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2034">TS</a>]

00:33:56   new set of api's that looks the same for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2036">TS</a>]

00:34:00   both of those things and what does that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2040">TS</a>]

00:34:01   new wear interface look like and who is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2041">TS</a>]

00:34:03   going to adopt that new integration [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2043">TS</a>]

00:34:04   who's going to design it that's a big [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2044">TS</a>]

00:34:05   problem one thing that would go away are [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2045">TS</a>]

00:34:08   these really complicated api's that we [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2048">TS</a>]

00:34:10   have now for memory mapping files where [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2050">TS</a>]

00:34:12   you say look I want to manipulate this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2052">TS</a>]

00:34:16   really big file but I want to read every [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2056">TS</a>]

00:34:18   single byte of it off disk and I want to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2058">TS</a>]

00:34:19   manipulate it as if it's all in memory [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2059">TS</a>]

00:34:21   but I can't fit it all in memory so can [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2061">TS</a>]

00:34:22   i memory map the file and memory mapping [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2062">TS</a>]

00:34:24   will automatically make it look like [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2064">TS</a>]

00:34:25   your entire files in memory but just [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2065">TS</a>]

00:34:26   pulling the parts that you need on [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2066">TS</a>]

00:34:28   demand and that's a very complicated [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2068">TS</a>]

00:34:30   system and the API is very complicated [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2070">TS</a>]

00:34:33   that's kind of stuff would go away if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2073">TS</a>]

00:34:36   you had a single unified interface to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2076">TS</a>]

00:34:38   the entire storage hierarchy or maybe [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2078">TS</a>]

00:34:40   you would just shift and that becomes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2080">TS</a>]

00:34:41   part of this unified interface but it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2081">TS</a>]

00:34:43   a complexity that exists now because we [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2083">TS</a>]

00:34:45   know that files are much bigger than [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2085">TS</a>]

00:34:47   memory we know we can't fit an entire [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2087">TS</a>]

00:34:48   file in memory so we have to make this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2088">TS</a>]

00:34:50   weird illusion that it's kind of in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2090">TS</a>]

00:34:52   memory when it's not ah a big one that I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2092">TS</a>]

00:34:55   thought of is that you'd have to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2095">TS</a>]

00:34:56   reconsider limits limits that we take [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2096">TS</a>]

00:34:59   for granted now so for example when you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2099">TS</a>]

00:35:03   run out of disk space that's a dead end [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2103">TS</a>]

00:35:05   right now [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2105">TS</a>]

00:35:07   no space left on device right that's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2107">TS</a>]

00:35:10   that's the end you know this there's no [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2110">TS</a>]

00:35:12   program in existence that says when I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2112">TS</a>]

00:35:15   run out it's like what can it what kind [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2115">TS</a>]

00:35:16   of program do well jeez on that it can [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2116">TS</a>]

00:35:18   tell you I try to do that for you but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2118">TS</a>]

00:35:20   your disk is full so and and by the way [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2120">TS</a>]

00:35:23   UNIX does not deal well with the disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2123">TS</a>]

00:35:24   being full for reasons we'll probably [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2124">TS</a>]

00:35:26   get into in a bit later uh and you don't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2126">TS</a>]

00:35:30   want you just to be complete full lots [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2130">TS</a>]

00:35:32   of bad things happen but running out of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2132">TS</a>]

00:35:34   RAM waiting it what do you say UNIX [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2134">TS</a>]

00:35:36   doesn't handle it well what does handle [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2136">TS</a>]

00:35:38   it well or is that is that part of that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2138">TS</a>]

00:35:41   next topic yeah that what does handle it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2141">TS</a>]

00:35:44   well in it in the days before UNIX for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2144">TS</a>]

00:35:46   example in classic Mac OS in like really [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2146">TS</a>]

00:35:48   classic Mac OS like you know system 4.2 [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2148">TS</a>]

00:35:52   you could have your disk filled up to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2152">TS</a>]

00:35:54   the brim and everything would still [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2154">TS</a>]

00:35:57   pretty much work okay you know you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2157">TS</a>]

00:35:58   couldn't save stuff but you wouldn't be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2158">TS</a>]

00:36:01   using the thing and it would just blow [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2161">TS</a>]

00:36:03   up whereas the UNIX uses the disk space [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2163">TS</a>]

00:36:06   for all sorts of things and if your disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2166">TS</a>]

00:36:10   even gets close to full lots of things [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2170">TS</a>]

00:36:12   they're going to start falling down not [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2172">TS</a>]

00:36:13   just the program you're using so you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2173">TS</a>]

00:36:14   can't just happily use your Mac with an [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2174">TS</a>]

00:36:16   entirely full disk in fact I don't even [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2176">TS</a>]

00:36:18   know if you can get your your disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2178">TS</a>]

00:36:19   entirely full without sort of cheating [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2179">TS</a>]

00:36:20   by putting it to single user mode and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2180">TS</a>]

00:36:22   using DD to fill up the disk I don't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2182">TS</a>]

00:36:24   even think you can boot with it with an [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2184">TS</a>]

00:36:25   entirely full disk once you get anywhere [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2185">TS</a>]

00:36:27   near close to disk full Mac os10 starts [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2187">TS</a>]

00:36:29   throwing dialogues in your faces said [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2189">TS</a>]

00:36:30   this is almost full seriously delete [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2190">TS</a>]

00:36:32   stuff you've got a problem and there's a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2192">TS</a>]

00:36:34   good reason for that uh but in the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2194">TS</a>]

00:36:37   modern era running out of RAM is not a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2197">TS</a>]

00:36:40   dead end and I say the modern era being [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2200">TS</a>]

00:36:43   like Mac OS 10 certainly but even in the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2203">TS</a>]

00:36:45   latter days of classic Mac OS what [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2205">TS</a>]

00:36:47   happens when we run out of RAM is we're [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2207">TS</a>]

00:36:49   not around all the time ah [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2209">TS</a>]

00:36:52   you run out of RAM and you swap some [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2212">TS</a>]

00:36:56   stuff to disk so you take some stuff [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2216">TS</a>]

00:36:58   that's in memory though I don't have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2218">TS</a>]

00:36:59   room to put everything in memory that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2219">TS</a>]

00:37:00   need to put in a memory let me take [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2220">TS</a>]

00:37:02   something that's in memory or write it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2222">TS</a>]

00:37:03   out to this temporarily now I've read up [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2223">TS</a>]

00:37:05   some new room in memory and it tries to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2225">TS</a>]

00:37:07   put stuff on to disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2227">TS</a>]

00:37:08   tries to swap stuff out that hasn't been [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2228">TS</a>]

00:37:11   used in a while and this is the basis of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2231">TS</a>]

00:37:13   all modern virtual memory systems with [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2233">TS</a>]

00:37:16   swap where they will [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2236">TS</a>]

00:37:19   try to let it appear to your programs as [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2239">TS</a>]

00:37:21   if you have way more RAM than you do so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2241">TS</a>]

00:37:23   programs back the old days and 32-bit [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2243">TS</a>]

00:37:26   thing they would think that they had you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2246">TS</a>]

00:37:27   know two to four gigabytes of RAM when [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2247">TS</a>]

00:37:30   maybe your computer only at 128 [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2250">TS</a>]

00:37:32   megabytes of RAM and the program was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2252">TS</a>]

00:37:35   blissfully unaware of that it would just [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2255">TS</a>]

00:37:36   try to address memory in the operating [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2256">TS</a>]

00:37:38   system every time you filled up the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2258">TS</a>]

00:37:39   actual RAM chips [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2259">TS</a>]

00:37:41   it would just swap things in and out to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2261">TS</a>]

00:37:43   disk to make enough room for the stuff [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2263">TS</a>]

00:37:44   you currently using in ram now swapping [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2264">TS</a>]

00:37:47   is bad and it's slow because if your [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2267">TS</a>]

00:37:48   program thinks something's in memory and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2268">TS</a>]

00:37:50   it asks the operating system for on the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2270">TS</a>]

00:37:51   operating system says actually that's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2271">TS</a>]

00:37:53   not in memory I had to put that in disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2273">TS</a>]

00:37:54   for you but I'll wait I'll go get it on [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2274">TS</a>]

00:37:55   the disk you just wait there it takes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2275">TS</a>]

00:37:57   forever for the operating system to come [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2277">TS</a>]

00:37:59   back so here's this thing and the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2279">TS</a>]

00:38:00   program expected that to come back [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2280">TS</a>]

00:38:02   really quickly so when your computer is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2282">TS</a>]

00:38:05   thrashing or swapping or one of these [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2285">TS</a>]

00:38:07   other terms it means that it's trying to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2287">TS</a>]

00:38:09   access a bunch of stuff that it thinks [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2289">TS</a>]

00:38:10   is in memory but a lot of it turns out [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2290">TS</a>]

00:38:12   to be on disk and your disk ad they're [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2292">TS</a>]

00:38:13   seeking all around to pull this stuff [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2293">TS</a>]

00:38:15   off of the disk and putting other stuff [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2295">TS</a>]

00:38:16   onto this because if it's on if it's on [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2296">TS</a>]

00:38:19   disk has to pull it out maybe that's to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2299">TS</a>]

00:38:20   evict something else from RAM and put it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2300">TS</a>]

00:38:21   down there so that's situation we're in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2301">TS</a>]

00:38:26   now where a disk space fills up total [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2306">TS</a>]

00:38:28   dead end RAM fills up it's not a dead [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2308">TS</a>]

00:38:30   end but how is RAM filling up not a dead [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2310">TS</a>]

00:38:32   it uses disk space and that's why if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2312">TS</a>]

00:38:34   your disk is full everything falls down [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2314">TS</a>]

00:38:37   because all these programs think that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2317">TS</a>]

00:38:38   they have you know much more memory than [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2318">TS</a>]

00:38:41   they really have and if they did blondie [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2321">TS</a>]

00:38:43   continued to put stuff in memory in the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2323">TS</a>]

00:38:44   operating system says well that actually [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2324">TS</a>]

00:38:46   can't fit in memory so what I'm supposed [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2326">TS</a>]

00:38:48   to do on behalf of this program is evict [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2328">TS</a>]

00:38:50   something from memory put that on disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2330">TS</a>]

00:38:53   and then put his thing in that spot and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2333">TS</a>]

00:38:54   when it goes to evict something from [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2334">TS</a>]

00:38:55   memory and put it on disk the disk is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2335">TS</a>]

00:38:57   full and that's why bad things start [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2337">TS</a>]

00:38:59   happening classic Mac OS way back and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2339">TS</a>]

00:39:01   they did not have virtual memory which [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2341">TS</a>]

00:39:03   is different than swap but it certainly [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2343">TS</a>]

00:39:04   didn't have swap space so it could [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2344">TS</a>]

00:39:07   happily hum along with its you know 512 [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2347">TS</a>]

00:39:09   K of RAM or whatever and if you hit the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2349">TS</a>]

00:39:12   512 K Ram limit ah that was the end of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2352">TS</a>]

00:39:16   that it wouldn't swap stuff out to disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2356">TS</a>]

00:39:17   so if your disk was full no big deal [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2357">TS</a>]

00:39:20   it's the only time it has to write [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2360">TS</a>]

00:39:22   something on to disk is if you ask it to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2362">TS</a>]

00:39:23   not in your normal operation it didn't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2363">TS</a>]

00:39:26   write stuff and UNIX of course has log [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2366">TS</a>]

00:39:27   files that are constantly being appended [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2367">TS</a>]

00:39:29   to and other things that are going on in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2369">TS</a>]

00:39:30   the background slowly filling in your [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2370">TS</a>]

00:39:31   disk that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2371">TS</a>]

00:39:32   know about and if your disk is full all [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2372">TS</a>]

00:39:33   those things freak out and say you know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2373">TS</a>]

00:39:36   we've got a problem here they would [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2376">TS</a>]

00:39:37   probably they would probably try to log [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2377">TS</a>]

00:39:38   the fact that they got a no space left [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2378">TS</a>]

00:39:40   on device message and that would cause [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2380">TS</a>]

00:39:41   more Disgaea which would also fail and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2381">TS</a>]

00:39:43   it's just a vaccine so there's an [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2383">TS</a>]

00:39:47   exception to this in the modern error [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2387">TS</a>]

00:39:48   which is iOS which some people also [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2388">TS</a>]

00:39:51   asked about iOS if you run out of disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2391">TS</a>]

00:39:55   space that's a dead end still if you run [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2395">TS</a>]

00:39:58   out of RAM on iOS it's also a didn't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2398">TS</a>]

00:40:02   because iOS though it implements virtual [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2402">TS</a>]

00:40:04   memory virtual memory is the mechanism [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2404">TS</a>]

00:40:06   by which the programs think they have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2406">TS</a>]

00:40:08   much more memory and they do then they [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2408">TS</a>]

00:40:10   really do and they think they all have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2410">TS</a>]

00:40:11   their own memory space to themselves [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2411">TS</a>]

00:40:14   it has virtual memory but it does not [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2414">TS</a>]

00:40:16   use swap so when you fill up all the RAM [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2416">TS</a>]

00:40:19   on iOS it doesn't say oh let me put that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2419">TS</a>]

00:40:21   on quote-unquote disk for you it's disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2421">TS</a>]

00:40:23   is obviously flash what it does is kills [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2423">TS</a>]

00:40:25   your program in fact to kill your [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2425">TS</a>]

00:40:26   program long before that iOS is a very [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2426">TS</a>]

00:40:28   hostile environment for programs and the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2428">TS</a>]

00:40:30   the application environment for running [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2430">TS</a>]

00:40:33   GUI applications in iOS will send your [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2433">TS</a>]

00:40:37   application a low memory warning if it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2437">TS</a>]

00:40:38   starts using too much RAM and if the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2438">TS</a>]

00:40:42   program does not respond by freeing [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2442">TS</a>]

00:40:43   memory eventually the operating system [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2443">TS</a>]

00:40:45   will just kill that program say look I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2445">TS</a>]

00:40:46   sent you a message I told you you're [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2446">TS</a>]

00:40:47   getting close to the memory limit I'm [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2447">TS</a>]

00:40:48   gonna have to kill you because if you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2448">TS</a>]

00:40:49   ever hit the memory limit on iOS that's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2449">TS</a>]

00:40:53   it it's not you know I need more space [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2453">TS</a>]

00:40:55   well RAM is full and there's no more RAM [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2455">TS</a>]

00:40:57   we can't make new Ram out of thin air [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2457">TS</a>]

00:40:59   and we're not going to swap the flash [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2459">TS</a>]

00:41:00   now one of the reasons that iOS doesn't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2460">TS</a>]

00:41:01   swap to flash is because even though [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2461">TS</a>]

00:41:04   flash is faster than disk it's still way [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2464">TS</a>]

00:41:06   way WAY slower than Ram so that's one of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2466">TS</a>]

00:41:10   the reasons that iOS has always been so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2470">TS</a>]

00:41:11   responsive because to get that kind of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2471">TS</a>]

00:41:13   responsiveness that's how it's running a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2473">TS</a>]

00:41:15   variant of Mac OS 10 we're doing virtual [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2475">TS</a>]

00:41:17   memory but we cannot afford to like oh [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2477">TS</a>]

00:41:20   when I swipe something on the screen oh [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2480">TS</a>]

00:41:21   hang on a second I gotta pull a bunch of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2481">TS</a>]

00:41:23   that stuff that you thought was in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2483">TS</a>]

00:41:24   memory actually it's on my flash disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2484">TS</a>]

00:41:26   and I got to pull it off the disk and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2486">TS</a>]

00:41:28   it's it can take a thousand times longer [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2488">TS</a>]

00:41:29   than you thought it would and then you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2489">TS</a>]

00:41:30   get the stuttery animation or anything [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2490">TS</a>]

00:41:32   maybe someday that will change but for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2492">TS</a>]

00:41:35   now as far as I'm aware maybe someone [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2495">TS</a>]

00:41:37   can correct me [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2497">TS</a>]

00:41:38   Iowa still does not use swap space it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2498">TS</a>]

00:41:41   puts everything in RAM so if you're [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2501">TS</a>]

00:41:44   going to unify disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2504">TS</a>]

00:41:45   and ram into one type of thing [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2505">TS</a>]

00:41:49   everything would have to become a dead [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2509">TS</a>]

00:41:50   end [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2510">TS</a>]

00:41:51   because you have no other place to put [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2511">TS</a>]

00:41:53   stuff right like when you run out of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2513">TS</a>]

00:41:56   whatever you're going to call this thing [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2516">TS</a>]

00:41:58   when you run out of memory that means [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2518">TS</a>]

00:41:59   that your caches are full you know they [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2519">TS</a>]

00:42:02   know you can put in a register can't put [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2522">TS</a>]

00:42:04   it in a cache you can't put it in RAM [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2524">TS</a>]

00:42:05   and uh your disk is also full and I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2525">TS</a>]

00:42:10   think that would be a bad place to be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2530">TS</a>]

00:42:13   because you could imagine getting [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2533">TS</a>]

00:42:14   machine into a deadlock situation [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2534">TS</a>]

00:42:15   hopefully not hopefully in a consistent [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2535">TS</a>]

00:42:17   state of some kind but where do you go [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2537">TS</a>]

00:42:19   from there you don't have an out you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2539">TS</a>]

00:42:20   don't have a place to put stuff maybe [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2540">TS</a>]

00:42:22   we're just carve off it you would not do [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2542">TS</a>]

00:42:23   the same thing where it would say if you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2543">TS</a>]

00:42:25   get close to the limit of my giant pool [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2545">TS</a>]

00:42:27   of memory I'm going to warn you and then [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2547">TS</a>]

00:42:30   I'm going to kill stuff off because we [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2550">TS</a>]

00:42:31   cannot hit that limit sort of like you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2551">TS</a>]

00:42:35   know it does with disk space today where [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2555">TS</a>]

00:42:36   you just can't get close to that limit [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2556">TS</a>]

00:42:38   on disk pacer will start yelling about [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2558">TS</a>]

00:42:39   you but Ram the operating system will [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2559">TS</a>]

00:42:41   let you continue to use it and use it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2561">TS</a>]

00:42:42   when you have virtual memory with swap [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2562">TS</a>]

00:42:44   until your computer becomes so slow that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2564">TS</a>]

00:42:46   you're discouraged from using it any [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2566">TS</a>]

00:42:47   longer and you walk away and wait for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2567">TS</a>]

00:42:49   everything to swap in and out so I think [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2569">TS</a>]

00:42:52   this is an interesting topic I don't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2572">TS</a>]

00:42:54   know what will happen in this area I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2574">TS</a>]

00:42:57   don't think any time in my lifetime [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2577">TS</a>]

00:42:58   we're going to see this grand unified a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2578">TS</a>]

00:43:02   single pool of memory thing but if it is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2582">TS</a>]

00:43:07   going to happen I think it will happen [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2587">TS</a>]

00:43:08   somewhere in the mobile space where the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2588">TS</a>]

00:43:10   sizes are smaller and the entrenched [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2590">TS</a>]

00:43:14   system of dividing RAM and disk are not [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2594">TS</a>]

00:43:19   as prevalent as they are on the PC [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2599">TS</a>]

00:43:26   that's the end of my fake follow up [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2606">TS</a>]

00:43:29   follow up I was what's fake about that I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2609">TS</a>]

00:43:32   thought it was very real well it was you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2612">TS</a>]

00:43:34   know it's talking about SSD is not [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2614">TS</a>]

00:43:37   following up something we said last time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2617">TS</a>]

00:43:38   but it's a new top oh I see yeah so your [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2618">TS</a>]

00:43:41   your confidence level of SSD over the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2621">TS</a>]

00:43:46   traditional Drive as far as a strategy [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2626">TS</a>]

00:43:50   for Apple what are your thoughts on that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2630">TS</a>]

00:43:51   long-term strategy Apple's hardware [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2631">TS</a>]

00:43:54   everything SSD yeah has to be mean it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2634">TS</a>]

00:43:58   going to have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2638">TS</a>]

00:43:59   it's just a question of how long it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2639">TS</a>]

00:44:00   takes with Apple sells consumer hardware [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2640">TS</a>]

00:44:02   so they don't have to deal with like [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2642">TS</a>]

00:44:03   well I need to store petabytes of data [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2643">TS</a>]

00:44:05   like they're not selling servers for the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2645">TS</a>]

00:44:07   data center and SSDs are way more [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2647">TS</a>]

00:44:10   expensive than spinning disks we're just [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2650">TS</a>]

00:44:14   kind of that inflection point where they [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2654">TS</a>]

00:44:15   can say like when I got my MacBook Air [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2655">TS</a>]

00:44:19   like the biggest s is the you get was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2659">TS</a>]

00:44:20   256 and that's what I got and that was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2660">TS</a>]

00:44:23   still bigger than 160 gig spinning disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2663">TS</a>]

00:44:25   that was in my old MacBook Pro so it was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2665">TS</a>]

00:44:27   still a step up but you can get like [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2667">TS</a>]

00:44:30   terabyte now I think terabyte laptop [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2670">TS</a>]

00:44:32   drives are available it's four times [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2672">TS</a>]

00:44:34   smaller than than the the biggest lap [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2674">TS</a>]

00:44:37   spinning laptop drive you can get and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2677">TS</a>]

00:44:39   way way way more expensive so they're [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2679">TS</a>]

00:44:43   just on the borderline of like you can [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2683">TS</a>]

00:44:45   make people choke down a much higher [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2685">TS</a>]

00:44:48   price for less space just because the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2688">TS</a>]

00:44:50   performance is so much better but they [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2690">TS</a>]

00:44:52   haven't quite crawled up to like can I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2692">TS</a>]

00:44:54   convince someone to buy a Mac Pro with [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2694">TS</a>]

00:44:56   just SSDs in it someone who wants a Mac [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2696">TS</a>]

00:44:59   Pro probably wants a lot more internal [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2699">TS</a>]

00:45:00   storage space than 256 gigs and those [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2700">TS</a>]

00:45:02   drives are so expensive if you buy for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2702">TS</a>]

00:45:04   them now the entire cost of your [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2704">TS</a>]

00:45:06   computer is basically just an SSD so the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2706">TS</a>]

00:45:09   price keeps going down the storage space [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2709">TS</a>]

00:45:10   keeps going up eventually there'll be a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2710">TS</a>]

00:45:13   point where spinning disks are just seen [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2713">TS</a>]

00:45:17   as archaic and everyone has to have SSDs [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2717">TS</a>]

00:45:19   and only the people who really need [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2719">TS</a>]

00:45:21   gigantic amount of space need spinning [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2721">TS</a>]

00:45:22   disks and eventually those will probably [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2722">TS</a>]

00:45:24   go away - so that's inevitable you just [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2724">TS</a>]

00:45:27   get used to the fact that as as these [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2727">TS</a>]

00:45:29   are coming how long before every single [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2729">TS</a>]

00:45:33   computer Apple makes has SSD by default [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2733">TS</a>]

00:45:35   the kinds of if they discontinue the Mac [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2735">TS</a>]

00:45:38   Pros thoughts on discontinuing the Mac [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2738">TS</a>]

00:45:40   Pro don't do it that's my thought please [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2740">TS</a>]

00:45:43   as you do it you'd like you like the Mac [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2743">TS</a>]

00:45:45   Pro and you're you're a big-time Mac Pro [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2745">TS</a>]

00:45:47   user yeah you don't want them to get rid [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2747">TS</a>]

00:45:49   of it I was I saw an article from I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2749">TS</a>]

00:45:52   don't know if you've spoken with him but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2752">TS</a>]

00:45:54   he's a friend of mine he used to do a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2754">TS</a>]

00:45:56   show here as well James Duncan Davidson [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2756">TS</a>]

00:45:59   he's a photographer and right now or [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2759">TS</a>]

00:46:02   very recently he was out shooting Ted [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2762">TS</a>]

00:46:04   and he was saying that every year that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2764">TS</a>]

00:46:06   he shot Ted which is a number of years [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2766">TS</a>]

00:46:08   these guys they spare no expense when it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2768">TS</a>]

00:46:11   comes to having great [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2771">TS</a>]

00:46:12   hardware for the people who are doing [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2772">TS</a>]

00:46:14   the audio video editing and then the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2774">TS</a>]

00:46:17   photography editing and things like that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2777">TS</a>]

00:46:18   and they set up a whole lab I'll try and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2778">TS</a>]

00:46:21   put I'll try and put one of these [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2781">TS</a>]

00:46:22   pictures that he's taken of the lab into [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2782">TS</a>]

00:46:25   the show notes and by the way thanks to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2785">TS</a>]

00:46:28   help spot calm for the show notes and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2788">TS</a>]

00:46:31   this year instead of having two dozen [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2791">TS</a>]

00:46:35   Mac Pros they now have two dozen IMAX [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2795">TS</a>]

00:46:39   with Thunderbolt drives connected to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2799">TS</a>]

00:46:42   them raid Thunderbolt drives connected [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2802">TS</a>]

00:46:44   to them and they have officially moved [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2804">TS</a>]

00:46:46   away completely from Mac Pros and now [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2806">TS</a>]

00:46:49   they just have IMAX and it makes you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2809">TS</a>]

00:46:51   think that if if a company like tad if a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2811">TS</a>]

00:46:54   group like Ted is as as serious and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2814">TS</a>]

00:46:58   dedicated as they are to doing real and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2818">TS</a>]

00:47:02   if you've ever watched the Ted videos [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2822">TS</a>]

00:47:04   you know these are these are phenomenal [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2824">TS</a>]

00:47:06   videos they have the best audio-video [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2826">TS</a>]

00:47:08   photographer people in the business [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2828">TS</a>]

00:47:09   making them and editing them and turning [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2829">TS</a>]

00:47:12   them around in almost real-time it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2832">TS</a>]

00:47:14   it's crazy how fast they put these [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2834">TS</a>]

00:47:16   things out there they're content with [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2836">TS</a>]

00:47:19   IMAX why why would Apple keep making the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2839">TS</a>]

00:47:23   Mac Pro who is that for isn't the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2843">TS</a>]

00:47:25   Thunderbolt the obvious indication that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2845">TS</a>]

00:47:27   they're serious about moving away from [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2847">TS</a>]

00:47:29   the Mac Pro well that particular [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2849">TS</a>]

00:47:33   application I think doesn't need the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2853">TS</a>]

00:47:36   massive amounts of storage because kind [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2856">TS</a>]

00:47:38   of a way station for a workflow that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2858">TS</a>]

00:47:40   takes assets from the day and grinds [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2860">TS</a>]

00:47:42   them up and spits out some new assets [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2862">TS</a>]

00:47:44   where you need the big spinning disks [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2864">TS</a>]

00:47:47   that can store so much more than SSDs [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2867">TS</a>]

00:47:48   for so much less money is where does the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2868">TS</a>]

00:47:51   company that is responsible for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2871">TS</a>]

00:47:54   recording all of Ted and producing all [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2874">TS</a>]

00:47:56   the content where does it distorts [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2876">TS</a>]

00:47:58   information where does it start all the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2878">TS</a>]

00:48:00   raw videos all the raw images all the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2880">TS</a>]

00:48:02   processed files everything forever [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2882">TS</a>]

00:48:04   archived maybe puts them all on tape and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2884">TS</a>]

00:48:09   that's the answer but I think companies [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2889">TS</a>]

00:48:11   that have large storage requirements [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2891">TS</a>]

00:48:13   like people doing special effects for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2893">TS</a>]

00:48:14   movies or something like that they'll [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2894">TS</a>]

00:48:17   use SSDs for the parts where speed [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2897">TS</a>]

00:48:19   matters but at some point that like they [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2899">TS</a>]

00:48:21   don't want to ever throw anything out [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2901">TS</a>]

00:48:22   you want to have all your assets and all [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2902">TS</a>]

00:48:23   everything redundantly stored in a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2903">TS</a>]

00:48:24   million place and that takes up a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2904">TS</a>]

00:48:25   tremendous and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2905">TS</a>]

00:48:26   room even just for one movie let alone [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2906">TS</a>]

00:48:28   movie after movie like how many assets [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2908">TS</a>]

00:48:29   do you think Pixar has stored [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2909">TS</a>]

00:48:31   permanently yeah it accessible not on [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2911">TS</a>]

00:48:34   tape or some robot has to go pull a tape [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2914">TS</a>]

00:48:36   out and shove it in but accessible in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2916">TS</a>]

00:48:38   semi real-time because you might want to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2918">TS</a>]

00:48:39   use that asset for a new production you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2919">TS</a>]

00:48:41   need some list to put all that stuff in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2921">TS</a>]

00:48:42   SSDs just cost too much money to to do [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2922">TS</a>]

00:48:45   that now spinning disks are so much more [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2925">TS</a>]

00:48:47   economical especially since you have to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2927">TS</a>]

00:48:49   have 20 of them because you have to have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2929">TS</a>]

00:48:50   everything redundantly stored and you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2930">TS</a>]

00:48:52   know I there is still a big market for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2932">TS</a>]

00:48:55   it for spinning discs now is that is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2935">TS</a>]

00:48:58   Apple does Apple have any part of that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2938">TS</a>]

00:48:59   market maybe they're going to say look [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2939">TS</a>]

00:49:02   if you want to do that you're gonna have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2942">TS</a>]

00:49:03   to buy disk storage from EMC or [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2943">TS</a>]

00:49:05   something just like we at Apple do for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2945">TS</a>]

00:49:07   our data centers because we're not [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2947">TS</a>]

00:49:08   interested in giving you a machine that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2948">TS</a>]

00:49:11   can store all that stuff or as you said [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2951">TS</a>]

00:49:12   our machines can't store it buy an iMac [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2952">TS</a>]

00:49:15   and connect one of these big raid things [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2955">TS</a>]

00:49:17   that we also don't make to a Thunderbolt [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2957">TS</a>]

00:49:20   cable you have really fast access to to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2960">TS</a>]

00:49:22   lots of storage the Mac Pro as a product [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2962">TS</a>]

00:49:25   exists for reasons other than just [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2965">TS</a>]

00:49:27   internal drives though it's got the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2967">TS</a>]

00:49:28   slots where you can put cards that you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2968">TS</a>]

00:49:29   might need cards that don't fit inside [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2969">TS</a>]

00:49:31   the iMac because there's no place for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2971">TS</a>]

00:49:32   cards at all and yet maybe you can use a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2972">TS</a>]

00:49:34   Thunderbolt external chassis but the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2974">TS</a>]

00:49:35   number of PCI Express Lanes over a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2975">TS</a>]

00:49:37   thunderbolt wire is not that that bus is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2977">TS</a>]

00:49:41   not as wide as an internal slot so there [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2981">TS</a>]

00:49:44   are many reasons why the Mac Pro still [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2984">TS</a>]

00:49:45   needs to exist the fact that they [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2985">TS</a>]

00:49:46   switched from Mac Pro Stimac for that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2986">TS</a>]

00:49:48   Ted thing they probably could have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2988">TS</a>]

00:49:50   gotten away with imax even sooner [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2990">TS</a>]

00:49:53   because it's just kind of a way station [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2993">TS</a>]

00:49:54   and not something that needs to have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2994">TS</a>]

00:49:56   lots of storage and those big you know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2996">TS</a>]

00:49:58   big special-purpose cards and yeah and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/2998">TS</a>]

00:50:01   also the other thing to keep in mind is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3001">TS</a>]

00:50:02   that Ted probably has a lot of money you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3002">TS</a>]

00:50:05   would think so I put I I did find the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3005">TS</a>]

00:50:07   article and the pictures that go along [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3007">TS</a>]

00:50:09   with it I put it into the show notes and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3009">TS</a>]

00:50:10   he says for Ted 2012 there's a pretty do [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3010">TS</a>]

00:50:13   you say SATA or sad at these days I say [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3013">TS</a>]

00:50:16   both okay for Ted 2012 there's a pretty [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3016">TS</a>]

00:50:19   big change in the media room instead of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3019">TS</a>]

00:50:20   dozens of Mac Pros and piles of SATA [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3020">TS</a>]

00:50:22   drives like there have been in the last [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3022">TS</a>]

00:50:24   eight Ted events I've been part of the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3024">TS</a>]

00:50:26   room is full of IMAX and Thunderbolt [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3026">TS</a>]

00:50:28   drives lots of Thunderbolt drives and he [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3028">TS</a>]

00:50:30   has a photograph here he says there are [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3030">TS</a>]

00:50:31   12 12 12 terabyte Pegasus are six arrays [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3031">TS</a>]

00:50:36   that's a hundred and forty four [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3036">TS</a>]

00:50:37   terabytes total [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3037">TS</a>]

00:50:39   he says it which is about a tenth of a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3039">TS</a>]

00:50:41   petabyte of usual usable space for good [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3041">TS</a>]

00:50:44   measure there are a few more pegasus [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3044">TS</a>]

00:50:45   arrays including one that's dedicated to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3045">TS</a>]

00:50:47   photography and he goes on to detail [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3047">TS</a>]

00:50:49   this and he says this is the biggest [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3049">TS</a>]

00:50:52   appointment of thunderbolt based storage [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3052">TS</a>]

00:50:53   that he's seen yeah I think Thunderbolt [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3053">TS</a>]

00:50:56   has made it feasible to have external [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3056">TS</a>]

00:50:59   storage that's really fast without [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3059">TS</a>]

00:51:02   having some weird interface card like [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3062">TS</a>]

00:51:04   fiber channel or something because [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3064">TS</a>]

00:51:06   internal disk was the way the way how [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3066">TS</a>]

00:51:08   you get the speed right because you know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3068">TS</a>]

00:51:10   it's fast as possible as you can get [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3070">TS</a>]

00:51:11   it's connected right to the thing [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3071">TS</a>]

00:51:12   there's no long wire there's no weird [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3072">TS</a>]

00:51:14   interface it's you know sad is pretty [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3074">TS</a>]

00:51:15   fast and they would keep cranking up the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3075">TS</a>]

00:51:16   speed and then once you went out over [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3076">TS</a>]

00:51:19   firewire like firewire 400 in particular [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3079">TS</a>]

00:51:21   was not enough to handle the output of a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3081">TS</a>]

00:51:24   arrayed with many spindles or any large [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3084">TS</a>]

00:51:27   array like that firewire 800 was an [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3087">TS</a>]

00:51:29   improvement but still I think as the the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3089">TS</a>]

00:51:32   Thunderbolt devices they're available [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3092">TS</a>]

00:51:34   today show they'll take like a four disc [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3094">TS</a>]

00:51:36   firewire 800 Drive and then I'll take a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3096">TS</a>]

00:51:39   four disc Thunderbolt array maybe it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3099">TS</a>]

00:51:42   the same exact four mechanisms in each [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3102">TS</a>]

00:51:44   set light but that by eight mechanisms [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3104">TS</a>]

00:51:45   but form one form the other and the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3105">TS</a>]

00:51:46   Thunderbolt ones just transit because [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3106">TS</a>]

00:51:48   Thunderbolt is like an external [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3108">TS</a>]

00:51:50   extension of an internal bus in this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3110">TS</a>]

00:51:52   case it's the PCI Express bus so that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3112">TS</a>]

00:51:54   that probably makes it feasible for them [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3114">TS</a>]

00:51:56   to have storage that's fast enough to do [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3116">TS</a>]

00:51:59   all this HD video streaming or whatever [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3119">TS</a>]

00:52:00   they're doing whilst just hooking it up [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3120">TS</a>]

00:52:03   to an iMac with that little Thunderbolt [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3123">TS</a>]

00:52:04   cable but the Mac pros are still an open [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3124">TS</a>]

00:52:07   question I think let's do our second [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3127">TS</a>]

00:52:10   sponsor its tiny letter comm they're [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3130">TS</a>]

00:52:12   just they're putting the finishing [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3132">TS</a>]

00:52:13   touches on a brand-new version and this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3133">TS</a>]

00:52:16   is very exciting they have been working [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3136">TS</a>]

00:52:18   hard on this I talked to them about it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3138">TS</a>]

00:52:20   and a tiny letter in general the best [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3140">TS</a>]

00:52:23   way for me to describe it to you is it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3143">TS</a>]

00:52:25   is the most simple straightforward [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3145">TS</a>]

00:52:27   newsletter tool that has ever existed in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3147">TS</a>]

00:52:30   the history of the earth it's elegant [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3150">TS</a>]

00:52:33   it's simple its straightforward it gets [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3153">TS</a>]

00:52:36   rid of all of the extra features and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3156">TS</a>]

00:52:38   cruft and user interface layers and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3158">TS</a>]

00:52:41   throws all that out the window now some [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3161">TS</a>]

00:52:43   people might want that go to MailChimp [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3163">TS</a>]

00:52:45   com if you want that you don't want that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3165">TS</a>]

00:52:47   tiny letter super simple elegant [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3167">TS</a>]

00:52:51   straightforward tiny letter com [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3171">TS</a>]

00:52:53   they have a sneak peak video that they [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3173">TS</a>]

00:52:55   just put up to give you an idea of what [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3175">TS</a>]

00:52:57   it's going to be like within the next [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3177">TS</a>]

00:53:01   few days when this thing comes out so go [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3181">TS</a>]

00:53:03   check it out thanks very much two tiny [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3183">TS</a>]

00:53:05   letter calm for making the show possible [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3185">TS</a>]

00:53:06   I do actually have some more files of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3186">TS</a>]

00:53:10   some stuff lurking at the bottom here [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3190">TS</a>]

00:53:12   we're going to talk about BOS no okay [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3192">TS</a>]

00:53:15   would be good ID now you give me more [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3195">TS</a>]

00:53:16   stuff I tried the Kappas to shows I had [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3196">TS</a>]

00:53:18   to assume well I actually I wanted to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3198">TS</a>]

00:53:21   talk more about ZFS because all the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3201">TS</a>]

00:53:23   stuff we talked about was EFS was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3203">TS</a>]

00:53:25   focused on the particular failings of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3205">TS</a>]

00:53:27   HFS+ and how they're addressed by ZFS [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3207">TS</a>]

00:53:29   with data integrity and all that but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3209">TS</a>]

00:53:32   there are so many more things as e of us [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3212">TS</a>]

00:53:33   that I realize they didn't even get to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3213">TS</a>]

00:53:34   that are interesting and other reasons [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3214">TS</a>]

00:53:36   why you might be interest why you might [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3216">TS</a>]

00:53:39   want this process like things that H of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3219">TS</a>]

00:53:41   us aren't even a glimmer in HFS+ is I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3221">TS</a>]

00:53:44   but that our most modern bus system cell [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3224">TS</a>]

00:53:46   and I imagine all sorry F SS but we [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3226">TS</a>]

00:53:49   didn't quite get to it okay so the first [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3229">TS</a>]

00:53:51   one which I think I mentioned this is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3231">TS</a>]

00:53:53   these are advantages of ZFS or neat [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3233">TS</a>]

00:53:55   features of ZFS S and there a lot of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3235">TS</a>]

00:53:56   them are not unique to ZFS but I'm using [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3236">TS</a>]

00:53:58   it as the poster boy for a modern ish [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3238">TS</a>]

00:54:01   file system first one is constant time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3241">TS</a>]

00:54:04   snapshots and clones that is a mouthful [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3244">TS</a>]

00:54:07   there so I'll explain the pros also in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3247">TS</a>]

00:54:11   the middle part snapshots so a snapshot [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3251">TS</a>]

00:54:13   is like the word says kind of at [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3253">TS</a>]

00:54:17   capturing the state of a disk at a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3257">TS</a>]

00:54:20   moment in time and obviously we talked [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3260">TS</a>]

00:54:24   about this before it's a consistent [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3264">TS</a>]

00:54:25   state so the file system might be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3265">TS</a>]

00:54:28   applications might be in the middle of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3268">TS</a>]

00:54:30   doing stuff might be in the middle of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3270">TS</a>]

00:54:31   writing files out or deleting stuff or [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3271">TS</a>]

00:54:33   whatever but you're going to take a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3273">TS</a>]

00:54:34   snapshot and say look at that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3274">TS</a>]

00:54:35   application might be in the null writing [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3275">TS</a>]

00:54:36   that file and it might have written half [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3276">TS</a>]

00:54:38   the file but as far as the file system [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3278">TS</a>]

00:54:40   concerned at this moment in time it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3280">TS</a>]

00:54:42   knows where everything is it knows [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3282">TS</a>]

00:54:43   exactly the size of everything [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3283">TS</a>]

00:54:44   everything is all the bookkeeping agrees [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3284">TS</a>]

00:54:46   with each other that half written file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3286">TS</a>]

00:54:49   it knows that that file is is one [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3289">TS</a>]

00:54:51   megabyte ah maybe the file will [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3291">TS</a>]

00:54:53   eventually be two megabytes when the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3293">TS</a>]

00:54:54   applications done but right now one [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3294">TS</a>]

00:54:56   megabyte is on disk the metadata says [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3296">TS</a>]

00:54:57   one megabyte it is a moment in time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3297">TS</a>]

00:54:59   snapshot ah [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3299">TS</a>]

00:55:00   and what ZFS can do is freeze that and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3300">TS</a>]

00:55:05   say okay now at any [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3305">TS</a>]

00:55:07   in the future if you ever want to see [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3307">TS</a>]

00:55:08   what this file system was like at this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3308">TS</a>]

00:55:10   particular moment in time it's available [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3310">TS</a>]

00:55:12   to you you can look at what it looked [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3312">TS</a>]

00:55:14   like at this moment in time the constant [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3314">TS</a>]

00:55:18   time part means that a time required to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3318">TS</a>]

00:55:22   take a snapshot doesn't scale with the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3322">TS</a>]

00:55:25   size of the disk so it's not like it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3325">TS</a>]

00:55:26   makes a big giant copy like you so you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3326">TS</a>]

00:55:29   have a terabyte drive when you say ok [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3329">TS</a>]

00:55:31   take a snapshot doesn't say ok I'm going [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3331">TS</a>]

00:55:32   to take the entire terabyte you know say [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3332">TS</a>]

00:55:34   this 500 you know gigabytes on there I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3334">TS</a>]

00:55:36   take this entire 500 gigabytes and copy [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3336">TS</a>]

00:55:38   it someplace else it doesn't do that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3338">TS</a>]

00:55:41   because of the way the file system is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3341">TS</a>]

00:55:43   structured it can just make a note that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3343">TS</a>]

00:55:46   this particular moment in time is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3346">TS</a>]

00:55:47   important and it should be preserved [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3347">TS</a>]

00:55:48   remember that ZFS like many other file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3348">TS</a>]

00:55:50   systems avoids overriding data in place [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3350">TS</a>]

00:55:53   it writes all new changes to a new [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3353">TS</a>]

00:55:54   location when it does that the old [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3354">TS</a>]

00:55:57   location eventually falls out of use [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3357">TS</a>]

00:55:59   when no more processes have that file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3359">TS</a>]

00:56:03   open when nobody else is using it said [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3363">TS</a>]

00:56:05   that was the old version of this file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3365">TS</a>]

00:56:06   the new one is way over there so now [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3366">TS</a>]

00:56:09   we'll just say ok this the space [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3369">TS</a>]

00:56:10   previously occupied by the old file is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3370">TS</a>]

00:56:12   free to be thrown back into the pool all [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3372">TS</a>]

00:56:13   a snapshot does is tell the filesystem [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3373">TS</a>]

00:56:17   hey all of these things that make up [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3377">TS</a>]

00:56:20   this moment in time of the filesystem [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3380">TS</a>]

00:56:21   don't throw them out even when [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3381">TS</a>]

00:56:23   everybody's done with them keep them [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3383">TS</a>]

00:56:24   around so the literature on ZFS will say [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3384">TS</a>]

00:56:27   that this is instantaneous instantaneous [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3387">TS</a>]

00:56:29   snapshot Gration it's not instantaneous [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3389">TS</a>]

00:56:31   but the point is that it's constant time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3391">TS</a>]

00:56:33   that it doesn't take twice as long to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3393">TS</a>]

00:56:35   take a snapshot of a one terabyte discus [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3395">TS</a>]

00:56:37   as that is a 500 gig disk because the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3397">TS</a>]

00:56:39   operation is basically a simple [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3399">TS</a>]

00:56:40   bookkeeping operation of saying all the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3400">TS</a>]

00:56:43   stuff that you need with the snapshot is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3403">TS</a>]

00:56:44   already on disk all I'm telling you is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3404">TS</a>]

00:56:47   don't throw that stuff out later so it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3407">TS</a>]

00:56:50   very quick to note that like this moment [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3410">TS</a>]

00:56:52   in time it's a snapshot and you just [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3412">TS</a>]

00:56:54   store a little bit of metadata about [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3414">TS</a>]

00:56:55   here's a snapshot and here's you know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3415">TS</a>]

00:56:56   that here's where it is in the time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3416">TS</a>]

00:56:58   sequence of events and don't delete that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3418">TS</a>]

00:56:59   stuff because it's preserving as the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3419">TS</a>]

00:57:01   snapshot so it's really just a promise [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3421">TS</a>]

00:57:05   in the future to not ditch those old [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3425">TS</a>]

00:57:08   blocks that have new versions written to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3428">TS</a>]

00:57:10   them and that's something you can't even [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3430">TS</a>]

00:57:12   imagine doing hfs+ because in nature I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3432">TS</a>]

00:57:14   suppose everything is written in place [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3434">TS</a>]

00:57:15   and if you wanted to know what your disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3435">TS</a>]

00:57:16   looks like in a moment in time there's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3436">TS</a>]

00:57:17   nothing available to you to do that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3437">TS</a>]

00:57:19   the only thing you could possibly do [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3439">TS</a>]

00:57:20   is stopped all processes but you can't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3440">TS</a>]

00:57:23   really do butts is always something [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3443">TS</a>]

00:57:24   vlogging in the background and UNIX or [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3444">TS</a>]

00:57:25   whatever but try to freeze it you know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3445">TS</a>]

00:57:27   quit every application kill all [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3447">TS</a>]

00:57:28   processes is that the possible minimal [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3448">TS</a>]

00:57:30   maybe rebooting single user mode or [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3450">TS</a>]

00:57:32   something and then make an exact clone [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3452">TS</a>]

00:57:34   of this disk to a second location either [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3454">TS</a>]

00:57:36   a second disk or a second partition as [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3456">TS</a>]

00:57:39   you can imagine making an exact clone of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3459">TS</a>]

00:57:41   a disk takes a long time and if it takes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3461">TS</a>]

00:57:43   twice as long to make clone of a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3463">TS</a>]

00:57:45   terabyte disk as a 500 gig disk and that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3465">TS</a>]

00:57:47   amount of time is like measured in hours [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3467">TS</a>]

00:57:49   probably this is versus ZFS where you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3469">TS</a>]

00:57:52   can just snap your fingers and set up [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3472">TS</a>]

00:57:53   make a snapshot of that so I can get [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3473">TS</a>]

00:57:54   back to it anytime now clones are [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3474">TS</a>]

00:57:57   writable snapshots clones let you say [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3477">TS</a>]

00:58:01   okay take a snapshot of it but actually [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3481">TS</a>]

00:58:04   let people make future changes to that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3484">TS</a>]

00:58:06   snapshot so if you took a snapshot if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3486">TS</a>]

00:58:08   you took if you made a clone right now [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3488">TS</a>]

00:58:10   what you essentially have our two file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3490">TS</a>]

00:58:13   systems that look exactly identical and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3493">TS</a>]

00:58:15   you can go into one of them and start [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3495">TS</a>]

00:58:16   messing with stuff of course the other [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3496">TS</a>]

00:58:18   one you know your main one also [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3498">TS</a>]

00:58:19   continues to go along and they start to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3499">TS</a>]

00:58:21   diverge from each other this is all [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3501">TS</a>]

00:58:23   efficient because they share all the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3503">TS</a>]

00:58:25   blocks in this because they have on [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3505">TS</a>]

00:58:27   count in common likes when you're making [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3507">TS</a>]

00:58:28   a snapshot all the disks are in common [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3508">TS</a>]

00:58:30   and then as time goes on something [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3510">TS</a>]

00:58:32   changes and what it does is okay well [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3512">TS</a>]

00:58:35   you know the same thing that always does [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3515">TS</a>]

00:58:36   someone wants to make a change this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3516">TS</a>]

00:58:37   right the new version of it over there [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3517">TS</a>]

00:58:39   and to leave the old version over there [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3519">TS</a>]

00:58:41   because that's part of a snapshot so the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3521">TS</a>]

00:58:43   the two resulting logical file system [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3523">TS</a>]

00:58:47   slowly diverged as as that more blocks [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3527">TS</a>]

00:58:49   changed as they differ snapshots don't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3529">TS</a>]

00:58:51   let you modify that moment in time image [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3531">TS</a>]

00:58:54   of the thing but clones say just make it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3534">TS</a>]

00:58:57   you know make a note here that this was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3537">TS</a>]

00:58:59   a moment in time and now future changes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3539">TS</a>]

00:59:01   to this clone should be separate from [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3541">TS</a>]

00:59:02   the future changes to the operating [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3542">TS</a>]

00:59:03   system that it was clone as if until the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3543">TS</a>]

00:59:05   operation to the file system that it was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3545">TS</a>]

00:59:06   cloned from these are two very powerful [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3546">TS</a>]

00:59:11   and very interesting technologies that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3551">TS</a>]

00:59:14   I'm sure people who have never heard of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3554">TS</a>]

00:59:15   them can think of many possible uses for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3555">TS</a>]

00:59:16   them already but the fact that they are [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3556">TS</a>]

00:59:19   not giant copy operations and don't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3559">TS</a>]

00:59:21   scale with the size of the file system [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3561">TS</a>]

00:59:23   is key the number of snapshots you can [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3563">TS</a>]

00:59:26   have on ZFS is supposedly unlimited but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3566">TS</a>]

00:59:30   as you can imagine if you keeps taking [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3570">TS</a>]

00:59:32   snapshots what you're saying is the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3572">TS</a>]

00:59:34   blocks used [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3574">TS</a>]

00:59:35   by the data currently on the disk can [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3575">TS</a>]

00:59:36   never be free eventually you'll fill [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3576">TS</a>]

00:59:38   your disk because you're you're telling [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3578">TS</a>]

00:59:41   it you can't delete this old stuff even [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3581">TS</a>]

00:59:43   if like so you take a snapshot then you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3583">TS</a>]

00:59:44   delete a 1 gigabyte file off your disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3584">TS</a>]

00:59:46   well it can't actually give you one 2 [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3586">TS</a>]

00:59:48   gigabyte of free space left because that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3588">TS</a>]

00:59:50   gigabyte file has still exist in the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3590">TS</a>]

00:59:52   snapshot so that will disappear from [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3592">TS</a>]

00:59:53   your current disk but if you were to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3593">TS</a>]

00:59:55   look back in the snapshot it would still [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3595">TS</a>]

00:59:56   be there so eventually you will fill [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3596">TS</a>]

00:59:58   your entire disk by taking snapshots you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3598">TS</a>]

00:59:59   can course [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3599">TS</a>]

00:59:59   can course [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3599">TS</a>]

01:00:00   trim old snapshots off the end and say [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3600">TS</a>]

01:00:02   okay this snapshot I'm done with it you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3602">TS</a>]

01:00:03   can free up all the blocks there or [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3603">TS</a>]

01:00:04   whatever but the whole point of all this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3604">TS</a>]

01:00:05   is is that it happens very very quickly [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3605">TS</a>]

01:00:08   basically instantaneously which is a far [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3608">TS</a>]

01:00:11   cry from how long it takes to do a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3611">TS</a>]

01:00:12   super-duper backup or a Time Machine [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3612">TS</a>]

01:00:14   backup or anything like that the second [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3614">TS</a>]

01:00:17   related feature is sending and receiving [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3617">TS</a>]

01:00:20   block level deltas between snapshots [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3620">TS</a>]

01:00:24   this is where you can say okay I've got [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3624">TS</a>]

01:00:28   a snapshot over here and I've got a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3628">TS</a>]

01:00:30   snapshot over there what is it is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3630">TS</a>]

01:00:33   different between those two things find [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3633">TS</a>]

01:00:35   not the files that are different but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3635">TS</a>]

01:00:38   find the individual blocks on disk that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3638">TS</a>]

01:00:40   are different between snapshot a and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3640">TS</a>]

01:00:42   snapshot B and send them from snapshot a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3642">TS</a>]

01:00:44   snapshot B to make B match up with a now [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3644">TS</a>]

01:00:50   this is should bring to mind a backup [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3650">TS</a>]

01:00:53   type of strategy incremental backup [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3653">TS</a>]

01:00:54   strategy and it's a big contrast with [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3654">TS</a>]

01:00:57   the way time machine works this is a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3657">TS</a>]

01:00:59   review of some of the stuff they wrote [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3659">TS</a>]

01:01:01   about in the leopard review and time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3661">TS</a>]

01:01:03   machine was introduced the way time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3663">TS</a>]

01:01:05   machine works is it also has to send the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3665">TS</a>]

01:01:09   differences between the last time you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3669">TS</a>]

01:01:10   backed up and the current state to your [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3670">TS</a>]

01:01:12   time machine drive so if you run time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3672">TS</a>]

01:01:13   between the first time it copies [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3673">TS</a>]

01:01:15   everything to a second Drive right the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3675">TS</a>]

01:01:17   second time you run it you don't want it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3677">TS</a>]

01:01:19   to copy everything again you just wanted [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3679">TS</a>]

01:01:20   to say what has changed since the last [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3680">TS</a>]

01:01:21   time you did a Time Machine backup and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3681">TS</a>]

01:01:25   then write those changes to the Time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3685">TS</a>]

01:01:26   Machine backup so the first backup takes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3686">TS</a>]

01:01:29   like hours and the second backup takes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3689">TS</a>]

01:01:30   maybe five minutes ah the tricky bit is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3690">TS</a>]

01:01:34   how do you tell what has changed since [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3694">TS</a>]

01:01:36   the last time you made a backup in the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3696">TS</a>]

01:01:39   in Mac OS 10 and time machine what Mac [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3699">TS</a>]

01:01:41   OS 10 does is anytime anything makes a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3701">TS</a>]

01:01:44   change to your disk it writes a little [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3704">TS</a>]

01:01:47   log of it there's a mechanism called FS [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3707">TS</a>]

01:01:48   events that maintains this highly [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3708">TS</a>]

01:01:51   compressed log that tries to coalesce [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3711">TS</a>]

01:01:53   multiple updates and all sorts of other [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3713">TS</a>]

01:01:55   things to try to make it so it's not [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3715">TS</a>]

01:01:56   filling your disk but right now as [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3716">TS</a>]

01:01:58   you're if you're sitting here on your [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3718">TS</a>]

01:01:59   computer or your Mac is doing stuff at [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3719">TS</a>]

01:02:01   home anytime something happens to the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3721">TS</a>]

01:02:04   file system the operating system is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3724">TS</a>]

01:02:05   writing to a little log file of what [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3725">TS</a>]

01:02:08   happened to the file system at a file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3728">TS</a>]

01:02:11   granularity so it's going to say this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3731">TS</a>]

01:02:12   file change [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3732">TS</a>]

01:02:13   file was deleted this file was created [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3733">TS</a>]

01:02:18   when Time Machine runs it reads it keeps [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3738">TS</a>]

01:02:22   track of where it wasn't that log last [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3742">TS</a>]

01:02:23   time so it says I did a time machine [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3743">TS</a>]

01:02:25   back up and I did all the updates up to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3745">TS</a>]

01:02:27   file system event number 1 2 3 so I'm [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3747">TS</a>]

01:02:29   going to start from file since event [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3749">TS</a>]

01:02:31   number 1 2 4 and it says this file was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3751">TS</a>]

01:02:33   deleted ok so I know that's the change [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3753">TS</a>]

01:02:34   you have to make in the back and it said [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3754">TS</a>]

01:02:36   this file was modified ok so I've got to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3756">TS</a>]

01:02:37   grab the copy that file put it over [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3757">TS</a>]

01:02:38   there and says this file was deleted so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3758">TS</a>]

01:02:40   you know it can go back go through the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3760">TS</a>]

01:02:43   file system event log and find the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3763">TS</a>]

01:02:46   things that have changed and make the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3766">TS</a>]

01:02:47   new backup with them when it makes the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3767">TS</a>]

01:02:49   backup it doesn't make it does use as [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3769">TS</a>]

01:02:52   hard links on the target destination to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3772">TS</a>]

01:02:54   say all right so everything is exactly [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3774">TS</a>]

01:02:56   the same as the last backup except this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3776">TS</a>]

01:02:59   one document change so it makes hard [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3779">TS</a>]

01:03:01   links to all of the rest of the disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3781">TS</a>]

01:03:03   except for the directory that has that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3783">TS</a>]

01:03:06   one changed file in it and then it makes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3786">TS</a>]

01:03:07   hard links to all the files in that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3787">TS</a>]

01:03:09   directory except for the one file to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3789">TS</a>]

01:03:10   change and then finally it copies the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3790">TS</a>]

01:03:12   one file to changed over to the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3792">TS</a>]

01:03:13   time-machine disk so it doesn't have to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3793">TS</a>]

01:03:19   have to complete copies every date it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3799">TS</a>]

01:03:20   got one copy of all your data plus two [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3800">TS</a>]

01:03:22   copies of that one file that changed you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3802">TS</a>]

01:03:25   can see this is kind of a very different [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3805">TS</a>]

01:03:26   way to do what copy and write does it a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3806">TS</a>]

01:03:28   block level in something like ZFS the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3808">TS</a>]

01:03:32   disadvantage is that many people use [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3812">TS</a>]

01:03:35   time as you know if you have a big file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3815">TS</a>]

01:03:37   like a 2 gigabyte mail database and you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3817">TS</a>]

01:03:40   get a single new piece of email and it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3820">TS</a>]

01:03:41   modifies your 2 gigabyte mail database [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3821">TS</a>]

01:03:43   file the next time time machine runs is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3823">TS</a>]

01:03:47   going to see a file system event that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3827">TS</a>]

01:03:48   says aw since the last time I ran the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3828">TS</a>]

01:03:50   mail database has changed and then it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3830">TS</a>]

01:03:53   going to copy the entire 2 gigabyte mail [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3833">TS</a>]

01:03:55   database all 2 gigabytes of it over to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3835">TS</a>]

01:03:58   the time machine disk because that's the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3838">TS</a>]

01:04:00   only thing it can do it's got the old [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3840">TS</a>]

01:04:01   version of the 2 gigabyte mail database [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3841">TS</a>]

01:04:03   on the time machine disk and now there's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3843">TS</a>]

01:04:05   a new version it's got to copy the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3845">TS</a>]

01:04:07   entire version over there if you have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3847">TS</a>]

01:04:09   any large files that change frequently [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3849">TS</a>]

01:04:10   your time machine backups are going to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3850">TS</a>]

01:04:13   be humongous you're going to be doing [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3853">TS</a>]

01:04:14   gigs and gigs of i/o when may be only a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3854">TS</a>]

01:04:16   few kilobytes changed because it works [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3856">TS</a>]

01:04:18   at the file level the FS immense [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3858">TS</a>]

01:04:21   mechanism works at the file level and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3861">TS</a>]

01:04:23   time machine works at the file level [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3863">TS</a>]

01:04:24   this is why mail programs that used to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3864">TS</a>]

01:04:26   have 2k by database [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3866">TS</a>]

01:04:27   have since been changed to use thousands [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3867">TS</a>]

01:04:29   and thousands of little tiny files [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3869">TS</a>]

01:04:30   because when a little tiny file changes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3870">TS</a>]

01:04:32   just a little file has to be copied not [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3872">TS</a>]

01:04:34   the entire file but there are still [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3874">TS</a>]

01:04:35   large files that are modified fairly [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3875">TS</a>]

01:04:37   frequently and just so wasteful to have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3877">TS</a>]

01:04:39   to you know I add I add two three words [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3879">TS</a>]

01:04:41   to the end of this big Word document so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3881">TS</a>]

01:04:42   I got to copy the two megabyte word [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3882">TS</a>]

01:04:44   document again if that happens over and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3884">TS</a>]

01:04:46   over again you're filling your backup [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3886">TS</a>]

01:04:47   disk way fat way faster than you think [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3887">TS</a>]

01:04:49   you should uh and you're doing a lot [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3889">TS</a>]

01:04:52   more i/o you know you're copying tons [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3892">TS</a>]

01:04:55   and tons of stuff uh you know from one [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3895">TS</a>]

01:04:57   place to the other so everything takes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3897">TS</a>]

01:04:58   longer now this this mechanism of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3898">TS</a>]

01:05:01   figuring out what has changed through [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3901">TS</a>]

01:05:05   the file system the vent thing this was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3905">TS</a>]

01:05:07   introduced uh I believe was introduced [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3907">TS</a>]

01:05:09   when spotlight was introduced because [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3909">TS</a>]

01:05:10   spotlight uses the same thing spotlight [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3910">TS</a>]

01:05:12   is the thing that indexes all the files [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3912">TS</a>]

01:05:14   on your just so you can search them and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3914">TS</a>]

01:05:16   doesn't just index the file names it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3916">TS</a>]

01:05:17   also indexes the file contents so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3917">TS</a>]

01:05:20   anytime something happens on your disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3920">TS</a>]

01:05:21   in a file is written the spotlight [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3921">TS</a>]

01:05:24   daemon else on the spotlight demo one of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3924">TS</a>]

01:05:26   the daemons related to spotlight is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3926">TS</a>]

01:05:28   listening in on that file system event [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3928">TS</a>]

01:05:30   stream listening for every single thing [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3930">TS</a>]

01:05:32   that happens on your disk and when [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3932">TS</a>]

01:05:34   something happens it goes AHA a file has [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3934">TS</a>]

01:05:36   been modified or created or deleted I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3936">TS</a>]

01:05:38   have to do something so say a file was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3938">TS</a>]

01:05:39   created says up new file is created and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3939">TS</a>]

01:05:41   it's notified in real time when that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3941">TS</a>]

01:05:42   happens and it says well I gotta go [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3942">TS</a>]

01:05:44   index that file so it's six it's little [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3944">TS</a>]

01:05:45   index around that file and the index R [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3945">TS</a>]

01:05:47   reads some portion of the file and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3947">TS</a>]

01:05:48   updates his index of stuff and says okay [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3948">TS</a>]

01:05:50   I read this file and I index and it's in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3950">TS</a>]

01:05:52   there same thing when a file is deleted [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3952">TS</a>]

01:05:53   so this file was deleted I got to remove [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3953">TS</a>]

01:05:55   that file from my index so when I search [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3955">TS</a>]

01:05:56   for it later they don't find it because [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3956">TS</a>]

01:05:57   it's gone when this mechanism is reduced [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3957">TS</a>]

01:06:01   this firehose of file system events [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3961">TS</a>]

01:06:04   real-time streams of what's happening in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3964">TS</a>]

01:06:07   the file system was only available to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3967">TS</a>]

01:06:10   selected apple processes so the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3970">TS</a>]

01:06:13   spotlight could do it and a few other [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3973">TS</a>]

01:06:15   things we're listening on the the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3975">TS</a>]

01:06:16   firehose of file system events and the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3976">TS</a>]

01:06:19   reason it was limited to only a few [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3979">TS</a>]

01:06:22   listeners was because this is all [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3982">TS</a>]

01:06:27   happening in the kernel of the operating [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3987">TS</a>]

01:06:28   system it's the only way to catch all I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3988">TS</a>]

01:06:30   owe that happens to a disk is to talk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3990">TS</a>]

01:06:31   into the kernel the file systems in that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3991">TS</a>]

01:06:33   magazine was hooking to the crown so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3993">TS</a>]

01:06:34   anytime any i/o happened it could go [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3994">TS</a>]

01:06:36   through this list of people who are [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3996">TS</a>]

01:06:37   interested hey is anybody listening for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3997">TS</a>]

01:06:39   files as events I got tell them this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/3999">TS</a>]

01:06:40   happen Hey [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4000">TS</a>]

01:06:41   this file was created oh hey this file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4001">TS</a>]

01:06:43   was deleted hey this file was modified [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4003">TS</a>]

01:06:44   things that happen inside the kernel [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4004">TS</a>]

01:06:47   first of all things that happen inside [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4007">TS</a>]

01:06:49   the kernel tend not to maybe able to be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4009">TS</a>]

01:06:52   swapped out to disk for what I hope are [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4012">TS</a>]

01:06:55   obvious reasons because the kernels [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4015">TS</a>]

01:06:56   where you implement the swap stuff so if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4016">TS</a>]

01:06:58   for example the code that swaps virtual [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4018">TS</a>]

01:07:01   memory to disk is swapped to disk and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4021">TS</a>]

01:07:03   you need it to get the stuff off disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4023">TS</a>]

01:07:05   you're in a bad situation [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4025">TS</a>]

01:07:06   so most kernel memories wire down wire [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4026">TS</a>]

01:07:08   down means that it can't be swapped disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4028">TS</a>]

01:07:10   and the kernel has buffers for storing [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4030">TS</a>]

01:07:14   like messages that it's going to send [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4034">TS</a>]

01:07:15   and most of those buffers are fixed in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4035">TS</a>]

01:07:16   size and small because that you know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4036">TS</a>]

01:07:18   growing memory and in the kernel is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4038">TS</a>]

01:07:20   another thing that tends to be frowned [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4040">TS</a>]

01:07:22   upon you want a bunch of small fixed [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4042">TS</a>]

01:07:24   size buffers so when you're sending [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4044">TS</a>]

01:07:27   messages to these things that are [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4047">TS</a>]

01:07:30   listening for filesystem events you've [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4050">TS</a>]

01:07:32   got a window of time when things have to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4052">TS</a>]

01:07:34   happen [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4054">TS</a>]

01:07:35   the kernels got to put the notification [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4055">TS</a>]

01:07:36   in in some buffer queue for say okay by [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4056">TS</a>]

01:07:39   the way spotlight thing you want to know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4059">TS</a>]

01:07:41   when something happens something [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4061">TS</a>]

01:07:41   happened well say tons of things are [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4061">TS</a>]

01:07:44   happening really really fast like 100 [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4064">TS</a>]

01:07:46   files are created as fast as you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4066">TS</a>]

01:07:48   possibly can the thing listening for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4068">TS</a>]

01:07:50   filesystem events has a responsibility [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4070">TS</a>]

01:07:52   to consume those events to pull them off [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4072">TS</a>]

01:07:55   the queue and do something with them at [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4075">TS</a>]

01:07:56   a speed that's close to the speed that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4076">TS</a>]

01:08:00   they're being filled in otherwise the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4080">TS</a>]

01:08:02   buffer is going to get full and what [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4082">TS</a>]

01:08:03   happens when the buffer is full like oh [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4083">TS</a>]

01:08:05   it's it's like the Lucy with the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4085">TS</a>]

01:08:06   assembly line chocolates thing right [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4086">TS</a>]

01:08:09   what episode of ice from I Love Lucy I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4089">TS</a>]

01:08:11   don't know there's the one where she [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4091">TS</a>]

01:08:12   works in a chocolate factory in the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4092">TS</a>]

01:08:14   chocolates are coming out faster than [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4094">TS</a>]

01:08:15   she can box him up yeah she was also [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4095">TS</a>]

01:08:17   funny she's she's the consumer in this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4097">TS</a>]

01:08:19   she's supposed to be putting them in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4099">TS</a>]

01:08:20   boxes and putting away but it's the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4100">TS</a>]

01:08:22   producer at the chocolates cannot coming [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4102">TS</a>]

01:08:24   down the assembly line too fast you know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4104">TS</a>]

01:08:26   what happens is the chocolates get [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4106">TS</a>]

01:08:28   dropped on the floor so that can happen [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4108">TS</a>]

01:08:31   with file system event consumers if the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4111">TS</a>]

01:08:33   consumers are not pulling the events off [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4113">TS</a>]

01:08:36   the queue as fast as they can are [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4116">TS</a>]

01:08:37   they're coming in they will end up [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4117">TS</a>]

01:08:40   missing events and the whole point of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4120">TS</a>]

01:08:41   this mechanism is not to miss any I have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4121">TS</a>]

01:08:45   to know everything that happened so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4125">TS</a>]

01:08:46   imagine for for the thing that writes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4126">TS</a>]

01:08:48   the log of things that happen that's the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4128">TS</a>]

01:08:50   whole point is it has to make a note of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4130">TS</a>]

01:08:52   everything that happened and it really [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4132">TS</a>]

01:08:54   can't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4134">TS</a>]

01:08:55   an event because then say files have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4135">TS</a>]

01:08:58   been created really really fast and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4138">TS</a>]

01:08:59   things like I'm alright I'm keeping up [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4139">TS</a>]

01:09:01   on pulling these events off the queue [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4141">TS</a>]

01:09:02   I'm keeping track of stuff I'm it would [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4142">TS</a>]

01:09:04   consolidate events to say like this if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4144">TS</a>]

01:09:05   this file was changed 17 times in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4145">TS</a>]

01:09:07   sequence the event log just needs to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4147">TS</a>]

01:09:09   know the file was changed doesn't need [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4149">TS</a>]

01:09:10   to know how many times it was changed so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4150">TS</a>]

01:09:11   we consolidate all those 17 changes into [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4151">TS</a>]

01:09:14   a single change event but eventually [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4154">TS</a>]

01:09:15   it's got to write out to its little [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4155">TS</a>]

01:09:16   compressed log file and disk this file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4156">TS</a>]

01:09:18   change and it's got to do that fast [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4158">TS</a>]

01:09:20   enough that it doesn't get overwhelmed [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4160">TS</a>]

01:09:21   by the events that are coming in because [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4161">TS</a>]

01:09:22   if the kernel can't put another event on [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4162">TS</a>]

01:09:24   the queue for this listener [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4164">TS</a>]

01:09:25   it's going to send out a message and say [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4165">TS</a>]

01:09:27   look I had another event for you but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4167">TS</a>]

01:09:28   there's no place to put it your queue is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4168">TS</a>]

01:09:30   full I can't put it in your queue if I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4170">TS</a>]

01:09:32   did that have to delete one of the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4172">TS</a>]

01:09:33   things that's there so I'm just going to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4173">TS</a>]

01:09:34   send you a message it says dude you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4174">TS</a>]

01:09:36   didn't keep up you missed an event sorry [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4176">TS</a>]

01:09:38   about that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4178">TS</a>]

01:09:39   if that happens the next time Time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4179">TS</a>]

01:09:41   Machine runs it may not know about some [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4181">TS</a>]

01:09:43   file has been modified and then when you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4183">TS</a>]

01:09:44   disk goes bad and you restore from your [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4184">TS</a>]

01:09:46   time machine back up you're like wait [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4186">TS</a>]

01:09:47   where's that file and if it's not there [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4187">TS</a>]

01:09:49   that's bad so there are certain [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4189">TS</a>]

01:09:52   constraints especially we're backup [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4192">TS</a>]

01:09:54   software but even for something like [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4194">TS</a>]

01:09:55   spotlight where like say you make a new [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4195">TS</a>]

01:09:57   file and something couldn't keep up and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4197">TS</a>]

01:09:59   you go searching for it and you can't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4199">TS</a>]

01:10:00   find it it's never going to get into the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4200">TS</a>]

01:10:01   index because nobody knows that you know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4201">TS</a>]

01:10:03   all you know all I can do is send to the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4203">TS</a>]

01:10:05   the process you missed an event what is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4205">TS</a>]

01:10:08   the recourse that time machine and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4208">TS</a>]

01:10:10   spotlight have if they miss an event [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4210">TS</a>]

01:10:13   they the alternative strategy is really [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4213">TS</a>]

01:10:17   really bad because like our so I missed [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4217">TS</a>]

01:10:19   an event something happened and I don't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4219">TS</a>]

01:10:20   know about the kernel is never going to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4220">TS</a>]

01:10:21   tell me again because it's long since [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4221">TS</a>]

01:10:23   forgotten about that and moved on to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4223">TS</a>]

01:10:24   other things and I don't know what [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4224">TS</a>]

01:10:26   happened maybe a really important file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4226">TS</a>]

01:10:28   was modified or deleted or created or [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4228">TS</a>]

01:10:30   something and if I can't add to remove [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4230">TS</a>]

01:10:32   it to my index and I can't put it in my [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4232">TS</a>]

01:10:35   logs at a time machine knows to copy it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4235">TS</a>]

01:10:36   to another disk we've got a bad [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4236">TS</a>]

01:10:38   situation here so what most of those [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4238">TS</a>]

01:10:39   programs do in response to you missed an [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4239">TS</a>]

01:10:41   event is to say oh I guess I got to scan [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4241">TS</a>]

01:10:44   the whole disk again from top to bottom [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4244">TS</a>]

01:10:46   maybe you've seen this if you do [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4246">TS</a>]

01:10:49   something that angers either Time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4249">TS</a>]

01:10:50   Machine your spotlight where you log in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4250">TS</a>]

01:10:52   and spotlight says it's indexing your [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4252">TS</a>]

01:10:54   disk again it's got to read every single [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4254">TS</a>]

01:10:57   file in every single directory starting [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4257">TS</a>]

01:11:00   from the beginning right now so it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4260">TS</a>]

01:11:02   gotta say forget it I'm totally screwed [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4262">TS</a>]

01:11:04   up I can do everything over again [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4264">TS</a>]

01:11:05   re-indexing with spotlight a one [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4265">TS</a>]

01:11:07   terabyte disk gets filled or [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4267">TS</a>]

01:11:09   are doing a brand-new time machine back [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4269">TS</a>]

01:11:10   up from the beginning and figuring out [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4270">TS</a>]

01:11:11   on a file-by-file basis is this file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4271">TS</a>]

01:11:13   change no is this file change now it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4273">TS</a>]

01:11:15   takes forever and grinds your disk to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4275">TS</a>]

01:11:17   death [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4277">TS</a>]

01:11:17   this is all very very bad so that's why [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4277">TS</a>]

01:11:23   in when this mechanism introduced the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4283">TS</a>]

01:11:26   public interface for applications was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4286">TS</a>]

01:11:29   are you can't drink from the fire hose [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4289">TS</a>]

01:11:30   because you can't be held responsible [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4290">TS</a>]

01:11:32   for being able to keep up with the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4292">TS</a>]

01:11:33   stream of stuff and furthermore if we [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4293">TS</a>]

01:11:35   have too many listeners listening for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4295">TS</a>]

01:11:36   every single filesystem event that's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4296">TS</a>]

01:11:38   happening we're going to have to slow [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4298">TS</a>]

01:11:39   down and we might not have enough kernel [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4299">TS</a>]

01:11:41   buffers for them and it's just you know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4301">TS</a>]

01:11:43   this is not for you don't touch us but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4303">TS</a>]

01:11:45   we'll have a public interface that will [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4305">TS</a>]

01:11:48   give you a much lower granularity of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4308">TS</a>]

01:11:51   updates instead of telling you any every [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4311">TS</a>]

01:11:53   time something changes all we're going [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4313">TS</a>]

01:11:55   to tell you is something changed in this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4315">TS</a>]

01:11:58   directory and we're not going to tell [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4318">TS</a>]

01:11:59   you what it was and those events can [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4319">TS</a>]

01:12:01   come kind of in a leisurely manner so if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4321">TS</a>]

01:12:03   there's some huge amount of filesystem [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4323">TS</a>]

01:12:04   activity going on your application using [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4324">TS</a>]

01:12:08   this API is only going to find out about [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4328">TS</a>]

01:12:10   it perhaps after a whole bunch of stuff [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4330">TS</a>]

01:12:11   has changed and it's just and all you're [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4331">TS</a>]

01:12:13   gonna get is something changed in this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4333">TS</a>]

01:12:15   directory and what happened I don't know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4335">TS</a>]

01:12:18   that's not up to us so that is a much [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4338">TS</a>]

01:12:20   lower granularity of event then this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4340">TS</a>]

01:12:23   file was deleted this file was created [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4343">TS</a>]

01:12:24   this file was modified this file was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4344">TS</a>]

01:12:26   deleted you know that type of thing and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4346">TS</a>]

01:12:27   that was the public interface to file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4347">TS</a>]

01:12:31   system events now and time machine can [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4351">TS</a>]

01:12:35   consume that as well because but what [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4355">TS</a>]

01:12:37   that means is that what you get an event [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4357">TS</a>]

01:12:38   that says something changed in this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4358">TS</a>]

01:12:39   directory you have to have a way to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4359">TS</a>]

01:12:41   figure out all right well what changed [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4361">TS</a>]

01:12:43   one of the ways you could figure it out [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4363">TS</a>]

01:12:45   for example if your time machine is they [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4365">TS</a>]

01:12:46   could say something change in this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4366">TS</a>]

01:12:48   directory all right well I've got a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4368">TS</a>]

01:12:50   backup copy of that directory why don't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4370">TS</a>]

01:12:52   I read that the entire content of that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4372">TS</a>]

01:12:54   directory and compare it to the current [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4374">TS</a>]

01:12:56   contents and find the differences this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4376">TS</a>]

01:12:59   is something similar to what and user [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4379">TS</a>]

01:13:01   programs do when they get a notification [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4381">TS</a>]

01:13:03   it's up to the program to decide like if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4383">TS</a>]

01:13:06   you're interested in changes in this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4386">TS</a>]

01:13:07   directory start by reading the contents [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4387">TS</a>]

01:13:09   of the directory and then listen and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4389">TS</a>]

01:13:10   will tell you if anything changed and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4390">TS</a>]

01:13:12   when they tell you something change [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4392">TS</a>]

01:13:13   reread the contents of the directory and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4393">TS</a>]

01:13:15   compare it to the copy you had in memory [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4395">TS</a>]

01:13:16   and see what changed then you can tell [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4396">TS</a>]

01:13:17   oh this file is new this file is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4397">TS</a>]

01:13:19   modified you know that's kind of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4399">TS</a>]

01:13:20   annoying and cumbersome or whatever [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4400">TS</a>]

01:13:22   but you can do that sort of at your [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4402">TS</a>]

01:13:23   leisure without angering the colonel [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4403">TS</a>]

01:13:25   who's sending a little chocolates down [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4405">TS</a>]

01:13:26   the assembly line and without being [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4406">TS</a>]

01:13:29   responsible or pulling chocolates off [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4409">TS</a>]

01:13:31   the assembly line fast enough to keep up [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4411">TS</a>]

01:13:32   with what's going on with file i/o now [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4412">TS</a>]

01:13:36   all this is a very roundabout way to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4416">TS</a>]

01:13:38   talk about how ZFS tackles the same [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4418">TS</a>]

01:13:42   problem ZFS doesn't have to have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4422">TS</a>]

01:13:44   something in the kernel that listens to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4424">TS</a>]

01:13:47   file system changes and writes them out [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4427">TS</a>]

01:13:49   to a compress log file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4429">TS</a>]

01:13:50   there is no continually growing compress [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4430">TS</a>]

01:13:52   log of all the things that have happened [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4432">TS</a>]

01:13:53   in a ZFS system and the thing that has [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4433">TS</a>]

01:13:57   to send the difference between one [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4437">TS</a>]

01:13:58   snapshot and another doesn't read a big [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4438">TS</a>]

01:14:01   log of the things that happen the file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4441">TS</a>]

01:14:02   system itself is essentially a log of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4442">TS</a>]

01:14:04   all the things that it happened because [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4444">TS</a>]

01:14:06   it doesn't overwrite data it only writes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4446">TS</a>]

01:14:08   data to new location so it's basically [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4448">TS</a>]

01:14:10   got a long stream of new data just being [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4450">TS</a>]

01:14:14   added and added and added and then being [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4454">TS</a>]

01:14:16   reaped off the back when it's no longer [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4456">TS</a>]

01:14:18   in use so the thing that has to find the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4458">TS</a>]

01:14:21   the differences between one snapshot and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4461">TS</a>]

01:14:23   another first of all it doesn't have to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4463">TS</a>]

01:14:24   do with the file level because that's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4464">TS</a>]

01:14:25   not how the file system works all the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4465">TS</a>]

01:14:27   i/o is at a block level so if you change [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4467">TS</a>]

01:14:29   three bytes inside a two gigabyte file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4469">TS</a>]

01:14:32   you're going to have it in ZFS those [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4472">TS</a>]

01:14:34   three bytes written to a new location [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4474">TS</a>]

01:14:36   the old three bytes in an old location [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4476">TS</a>]

01:14:38   and you'll know since last time I look [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4478">TS</a>]

01:14:43   at this or since from one snapshot the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4483">TS</a>]

01:14:44   other one snapshot includes this this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4484">TS</a>]

01:14:46   those three bytes in this block and the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4486">TS</a>]

01:14:48   other snapshot includes those two bytes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4488">TS</a>]

01:14:49   in this block and it can just send those [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4489">TS</a>]

01:14:51   bytes from one place to the other it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4491">TS</a>]

01:14:53   doesn't have to send the entire [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4493">TS</a>]

01:14:54   two-qubit file it doesn't have to keep [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4494">TS</a>]

01:14:56   track of the fact that file change [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4496">TS</a>]

01:14:57   because when it sees it that this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4497">TS</a>]

01:14:59   snapshot has one block for this file in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4499">TS</a>]

01:15:00   snapshot has the other block for the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4500">TS</a>]

01:15:01   file everything's check sounds it knows [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4501">TS</a>]

01:15:03   the contents of the of the blocks are [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4503">TS</a>]

01:15:04   different it knows which one came later [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4504">TS</a>]

01:15:05   it doesn't it's sort of like inherent in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4505">TS</a>]

01:15:08   the structure of the file in itself what [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4508">TS</a>]

01:15:11   has happened who and what the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4511">TS</a>]

01:15:13   differences are between these things [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4513">TS</a>]

01:15:14   it's not instantaneous to figure out [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4514">TS</a>]

01:15:16   what the block level dips are but it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4516">TS</a>]

01:15:19   doesn't require scanning all of the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4519">TS</a>]

01:15:22   source and all definition destination [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4522">TS</a>]

01:15:24   and comparing them that's one of the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4524">TS</a>]

01:15:27   reasons why this type of strategy long [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4527">TS</a>]

01:15:29   ago is called log structured file format [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4529">TS</a>]

01:15:30   or does everything is appended to the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4530">TS</a>]

01:15:32   end as a big linear stream of new things [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4532">TS</a>]

01:15:34   that have happened [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4534">TS</a>]

01:15:35   and snapshotting just really tells it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4535">TS</a>]

01:15:37   which sets of these are relevant to each [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4537">TS</a>]

01:15:39   other so this is one of the reasons [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4539">TS</a>]

01:15:44   people were excited about ZFS you can [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4544">TS</a>]

01:15:46   imagine a time machine you rebuilt on [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4546">TS</a>]

01:15:48   top of something like ZFS your time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4548">TS</a>]

01:15:53   machine backups would look like this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4553">TS</a>]

01:15:54   first of all you could do Time Machine [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4554">TS</a>]

01:15:56   backups locally now people know about [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4556">TS</a>]

01:16:00   Lian know that it has local time machine [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4560">TS</a>]

01:16:02   backups too because this is important [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4562">TS</a>]

01:16:03   for laptop users which is increasingly [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4563">TS</a>]

01:16:04   pretty much a close approximation of Mac [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4564">TS</a>]

01:16:08   users because vast majority people by [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4568">TS</a>]

01:16:10   Macs are buying laptops and they tend to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4570">TS</a>]

01:16:12   just have one disk so what do you do for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4572">TS</a>]

01:16:14   backups well Apple since their straddle [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4574">TS</a>]

01:16:17   with H OS plus just add in another [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4577">TS</a>]

01:16:18   mechanism whereby anytime a file is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4578">TS</a>]

01:16:20   saved it writes out it tries to write [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4580">TS</a>]

01:16:22   out the byte level dips between that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4582">TS</a>]

01:16:24   file in this whole separate directory [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4584">TS</a>]

01:16:25   full of file there everything that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4585">TS</a>]

01:16:26   happens in HFS+ is built on top of the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4586">TS</a>]

01:16:28   filesystem rather being built into it so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4588">TS</a>]

01:16:30   it's another bunch of files and another [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4590">TS</a>]

01:16:32   bunch of database files it's like a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4592">TS</a>]

01:16:34   sequel Lite database and little chunks [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4594">TS</a>]

01:16:36   of files you know Selway someone saved [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4596">TS</a>]

01:16:38   the new version of this file well since [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4598">TS</a>]

01:16:40   there are laptop user and they're not [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4600">TS</a>]

01:16:42   connected to their time machine disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4602">TS</a>]

01:16:43   right now make a note of this change and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4603">TS</a>]

01:16:46   figure out which bytes changed since [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4606">TS</a>]

01:16:48   last version of this file and write them [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4608">TS</a>]

01:16:50   out to the separate directory in a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4610">TS</a>]

01:16:51   separate file it's all in an [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4611">TS</a>]

01:16:52   application-level type of thing and it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4612">TS</a>]

01:16:54   not particularly elegant or nice but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4614">TS</a>]

01:16:56   this is something that they're trying to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4616">TS</a>]

01:16:58   do to protect Mac users who are [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4618">TS</a>]

01:17:01   frequently away from a time machine [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4621">TS</a>]

01:17:02   drive well if you have ZFS you could [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4622">TS</a>]

01:17:05   take snapshots of the entire disk every [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4625">TS</a>]

01:17:06   five minutes or every time you save or [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4626">TS</a>]

01:17:09   any you know instantaneously at any time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4629">TS</a>]

01:17:11   you wanted they wouldn't require any [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4631">TS</a>]

01:17:13   demons listening for things or any [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4633">TS</a>]

01:17:15   separate database files or any sequel [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4635">TS</a>]

01:17:17   Lite database of different changed [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4637">TS</a>]

01:17:18   ranges or any secret directory full of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4638">TS</a>]

01:17:20   chunks of old files with directories [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4640">TS</a>]

01:17:22   named vector dates all this stuff all [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4642">TS</a>]

01:17:24   that stuff wouldn't have to exist it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4644">TS</a>]

01:17:25   would be inherent in the file system [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4645">TS</a>]

01:17:26   itself so it should do a time machine [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4646">TS</a>]

01:17:28   back up you would take a snapshot and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4648">TS</a>]

01:17:30   the reason you want to take a snapshot [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4650">TS</a>]

01:17:32   is because you want to do a backup as an [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4652">TS</a>]

01:17:34   ax point in time that's nothing that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4654">TS</a>]

01:17:37   Time Machine can't do when you start [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4657">TS</a>]

01:17:38   doing your time machine backup you might [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4658">TS</a>]

01:17:40   realize as you're using a computer that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4660">TS</a>]

01:17:41   by the time you finish doing your time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4661">TS</a>]

01:17:43   machine back up the disk is changed so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4663">TS</a>]

01:17:45   what what is the time machine backup [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4665">TS</a>]

01:17:47   right is it a backup as of the time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4667">TS</a>]

01:17:49   it started or as at the time it ended [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4669">TS</a>]

01:17:50   it's kind of a melange of all of them [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4670">TS</a>]

01:17:52   combined like if if you're editing a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4672">TS</a>]

01:17:55   file and you see the little time machine [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4675">TS</a>]

01:17:56   spinning thing you know it's backing up [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4676">TS</a>]

01:17:58   right now and you hit save you have no [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4678">TS</a>]

01:18:00   idea what the version that of that thing [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4680">TS</a>]

01:18:02   got saved in fact what time machine will [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4682">TS</a>]

01:18:03   do is after it's done running it will [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4683">TS</a>]

01:18:04   quickly see all right while I was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4684">TS</a>]

01:18:06   running it anything happen and it will [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4686">TS</a>]

01:18:07   run again and it only does that leg once [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4687">TS</a>]

01:18:09   or twice and tries to sort of catch up [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4689">TS</a>]

01:18:11   but it's not a point in time of anything [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4691">TS</a>]

01:18:13   it's just kind of a mixture of different [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4693">TS</a>]

01:18:14   of different things so if you had ZFS [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4694">TS</a>]

01:18:18   you would take a snapshot and say look [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4698">TS</a>]

01:18:19   I've got a completely consistent point [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4699">TS</a>]

01:18:21   in time snapshot instantaneously this is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4701">TS</a>]

01:18:23   about the context of the disk was then [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4703">TS</a>]

01:18:25   you can make a clone a writable snapshot [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4705">TS</a>]

01:18:28   of that on the backup disk or you know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4708">TS</a>]

01:18:31   in place wherever you want to do it and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4711">TS</a>]

01:18:32   then you could send the block level [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4712">TS</a>]

01:18:33   diffs between the snapshot in the clone [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4713">TS</a>]

01:18:35   any time something changes so you would [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4715">TS</a>]

01:18:37   have on the backup disk a series a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4717">TS</a>]

01:18:39   series of yeah they have to be right up [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4719">TS</a>]

01:18:42   because you have to send the block level [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4722">TS</a>]

01:18:43   disk you would have a series of clones [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4723">TS</a>]

01:18:45   that you send the block level dips to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4725">TS</a>]

01:18:46   and to figure out what has changed this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4726">TS</a>]

01:18:48   last time you don't have to read some [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4728">TS</a>]

01:18:50   big log of stuff or anything like that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4730">TS</a>]

01:18:51   and if a two gigabyte file has changed [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4731">TS</a>]

01:18:53   you don't have to send the entire two [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4733">TS</a>]

01:18:55   gig file you can just change send the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4735">TS</a>]

01:18:57   blocks that have been modified it would [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4737">TS</a>]

01:18:59   be vastly more efficient vastly more [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4739">TS</a>]

01:19:01   reliable and just the number of neat [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4741">TS</a>]

01:19:04   things you could do with a constant time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4744">TS</a>]

01:19:06   snapshots and clones and block little [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4746">TS</a>]

01:19:08   easy block level dips is just tremendous [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4748">TS</a>]

01:19:10   you might still need a mechanism but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4750">TS</a>]

01:19:12   through which applications can listen [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4752">TS</a>]

01:19:15   for file system events and things that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4755">TS</a>]

01:19:17   are changed but then that that suddenly [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4757">TS</a>]

01:19:19   takes it off of the path of things like [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4759">TS</a>]

01:19:21   backups ah which can't possibly miss [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4761">TS</a>]

01:19:25   anything because they don't have to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4765">TS</a>]

01:19:26   worry about anything it's inherent in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4766">TS</a>]

01:19:27   the file system itself there's no way [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4767">TS</a>]

01:19:28   they could possibly miss any event [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4768">TS</a>]

01:19:30   because there are no events being [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4770">TS</a>]

01:19:32   written it's just that's how the file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4772">TS</a>]

01:19:33   system is structured I'm one one more [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4773">TS</a>]

01:19:37   final thing I want to talk about it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4777">TS</a>]

01:19:38   there's more things receive us usually [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4778">TS</a>]

01:19:39   the ZFS wikipedia pages get a lot of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4779">TS</a>]

01:19:41   stuff deduplication this is sort of an [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4781">TS</a>]

01:19:44   Enterprise II feature that ZFS has [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4784">TS</a>]

01:19:46   because it's an enterprise a file system [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4786">TS</a>]

01:19:48   what this means is that so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4788">TS</a>]

01:19:50   ZFS is basically managing these big [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4790">TS</a>]

01:19:52   blobs of data a single large file could [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4792">TS</a>]

01:19:56   be made up of lots of variable size [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4796">TS</a>]

01:19:57   blobs that all make up the entire piece [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4797">TS</a>]

01:19:59   of data and each one of these blobs is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4799">TS</a>]

01:20:02   check sums of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4802">TS</a>]

01:20:02   that's what ZFS does well once it has [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4802">TS</a>]

01:20:04   these check sums which are small [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4804">TS</a>]

01:20:05   compared to the data you know you could [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4805">TS</a>]

01:20:07   have I don't know how big the blocks are [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4807">TS</a>]

01:20:09   but like a megabyte 512 kilobytes or [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4809">TS</a>]

01:20:12   whatever the checksum itself is like you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4812">TS</a>]

01:20:16   know 256 bits it's very small so given [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4816">TS</a>]

01:20:21   that you have all these check sums what [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4821">TS</a>]

01:20:24   you can do is when you say you write out [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4824">TS</a>]

01:20:26   a 2 megabyte file and then you write out [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4826">TS</a>]

01:20:30   another juvett file a week later that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4830">TS</a>]

01:20:33   happens to have the exact same contents [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4833">TS</a>]

01:20:34   as that first 2 megabyte file why are [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4834">TS</a>]

01:20:37   you storing the exact same 2 megabytes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4837">TS</a>]

01:20:39   in two different places on your disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4839">TS</a>]

01:20:41   since ZFS checksum both of those 2 mega [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4841">TS</a>]

01:20:44   byte blocks say they're in stored in big [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4844">TS</a>]

01:20:46   contiguous 2 megabyte block it knows [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4846">TS</a>]

01:20:47   that they're the same and what it can do [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4847">TS</a>]

01:20:50   is say well we don't need two copies of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4850">TS</a>]

01:20:52   this 2 megabyte file somewhere on disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4852">TS</a>]

01:20:54   I know these the contents are the same [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4854">TS</a>]

01:20:56   because the checksum is matched why [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4856">TS</a>]

01:20:58   don't I just get rid of one of them and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4858">TS</a>]

01:20:59   now both of those files are talking to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4859">TS</a>]

01:21:01   the same 2 megabyte block on disk that's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4861">TS</a>]

01:21:04   that's deduplication and it happens at a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4864">TS</a>]

01:21:06   block level not at a file level so if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4866">TS</a>]

01:21:07   you have a 3 gigabyte file and there [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4867">TS</a>]

01:21:09   like 1 megabyte regions within them that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4869">TS</a>]

01:21:11   are identical any region that's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4871">TS</a>]

01:21:13   identically when we pulled out so one [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4873">TS</a>]

01:21:15   example is say some file format has a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4875">TS</a>]

01:21:17   long header on it it's always identical [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4877">TS</a>]

01:21:20   for all files it's just like our [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4880">TS</a>]

01:21:22   preamble or PO stamp or something and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4882">TS</a>]

01:21:24   you have hundreds and hundreds of those [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4884">TS</a>]

01:21:25   types of files you only have to store [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4885">TS</a>]

01:21:28   that preamble or post amble in the file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4888">TS</a>]

01:21:29   format once for all those hundreds of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4889">TS</a>]

01:21:32   files so you can get disk space back by [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4892">TS</a>]

01:21:35   finding out which portions of the file [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4895">TS</a>]

01:21:37   are the same as portions of other files [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4897">TS</a>]

01:21:39   and only storing one of those portions [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4899">TS</a>]

01:21:41   this is something that happens sort of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4901">TS</a>]

01:21:43   offline where it doesn't happen [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4903">TS</a>]

01:21:45   necessarily in real-time or whatever but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4905">TS</a>]

01:21:47   it's a way that you can say look my disk [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4907">TS</a>]

01:21:48   is almost full there any way you can [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4908">TS</a>]

01:21:49   give me more space it will find any [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4909">TS</a>]

01:21:51   little piece of any file it's the same [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4911">TS</a>]

01:21:52   as any other piece of any other little [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4912">TS</a>]

01:21:53   file and check out one of them or check [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4913">TS</a>]

01:21:55   out all the mix-up for one ah and why [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4915">TS</a>]

01:21:58   does this works like what about when [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4918">TS</a>]

01:21:59   something needs to modify that again [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4919">TS</a>]

01:22:00   well it's copy and write anything you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4920">TS</a>]

01:22:02   want about anything you're always [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4922">TS</a>]

01:22:03   writing to a new location this doesn't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4923">TS</a>]

01:22:04   hurt you at all in terms of making your [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4924">TS</a>]

01:22:07   data frozen in place or unable to modify [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4927">TS</a>]

01:22:10   this is one of the consequences of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4930">TS</a>]

01:22:12   having a file system or you just write [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4932">TS</a>]

01:22:13   things out and never overwrite data in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4933">TS</a>]

01:22:16   place [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4936">TS</a>]

01:22:16   uh and it's part of the file system so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4936">TS</a>]

01:22:20   if Apple had deduplication as part of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4940">TS</a>]

01:22:22   their file system I I would really not [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4942">TS</a>]

01:22:24   like to see them try to add this HFS [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4944">TS</a>]

01:22:25   boss but if they had a file so isn't it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4945">TS</a>]

01:22:26   supported this if you just started to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4946">TS</a>]

01:22:28   get full one of the things the operating [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4948">TS</a>]

01:22:30   system could do is say ok let me just go [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4950">TS</a>]

01:22:31   look for let me just start deduplicating [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4951">TS</a>]

01:22:34   blocks and let me find some common [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4954">TS</a>]

01:22:35   regions of files and it doesn't have to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4955">TS</a>]

01:22:37   scan every single file to find common [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4957">TS</a>]

01:22:39   regions it just has to look at the check [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4959">TS</a>]

01:22:40   sums which are very very small compared [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4960">TS</a>]

01:22:42   to the file so we're going to say you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4962">TS</a>]

01:22:43   know if it stores all its check sums in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4963">TS</a>]

01:22:45   kind of like a sorted table a checksum [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4965">TS</a>]

01:22:46   somewhere they can very quickly find [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4966">TS</a>]

01:22:48   check sums are the same and just start [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4968">TS</a>]

01:22:50   reaping data and marking it as free [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4970">TS</a>]

01:22:52   space because it only needs one copy so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4972">TS</a>]

01:22:56   that's it for my neat features of ZFS [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4976">TS</a>]

01:22:59   that HFS+ doesn't have I hope I've [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4979">TS</a>]

01:23:01   wetted people's appetites for ZFS [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4981">TS</a>]

01:23:04   another cool new file system there's not [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4984">TS</a>]

01:23:06   much they can do about it except hope [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4986">TS</a>]

01:23:08   wait and hope they can be as [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4988">TS</a>]

01:23:11   dissatisfied as I am I put a link in the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4991">TS</a>]

01:23:14   show notes two more links to Jeff bond [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4994">TS</a>]

01:23:17   wigs blog about these carpet topics a an [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/4997">TS</a>]

01:23:20   old ACM queue interview from 2007 with [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5000">TS</a>]

01:23:23   Jeff bond wick and a link to the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5003">TS</a>]

01:23:27   original like PowerPoint presentation [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5007">TS</a>]

01:23:30   for ZFS it's called ZFS the last word in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5010">TS</a>]

01:23:34   file systems these are all classic [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5014">TS</a>]

01:23:36   pieces of literature from ZFS oh and by [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5016">TS</a>]

01:23:38   the way on that on the butter FS thing [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5018">TS</a>]

01:23:40   that I link to as well there are many [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5020">TS</a>]

01:23:44   links to the academic PDF so the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5024">TS</a>]

01:23:46   academic paper is on which is based even [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5026">TS</a>]

01:23:48   if you're someone who doesn't ever click [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5028">TS</a>]

01:23:49   on links to PDFs of academic papers did [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5029">TS</a>]

01:23:51   you expect it to be just horrible and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5031">TS</a>]

01:23:53   dry and impossible to read these are [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5033">TS</a>]

01:23:55   surprisingly readable to anybody with [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5035">TS</a>]

01:23:57   even a tiny bit of a CS background so I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5037">TS</a>]

01:23:59   encourage you to actually click on the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5039">TS</a>]

01:24:01   PDFs and read the the academic papers [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5041">TS</a>]

01:24:04   they're short they're not too [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5044">TS</a>]

01:24:05   complicated they're not filled with [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5045">TS</a>]

01:24:06   equations that you're not going to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5046">TS</a>]

01:24:07   understand it's pretty basic stuff that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5047">TS</a>]

01:24:12   each oh yeah I was running my iPad 3 [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5052">TS</a>]

01:24:16   predictions yes of course I've been [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5056">TS</a>]

01:24:20   going back and forth in this when I was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5060">TS</a>]

01:24:22   much more sure like two weeks ago but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5062">TS</a>]

01:24:25   now as we get closer I don't know it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5065">TS</a>]

01:24:28   seems like there's there are a few [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5068">TS</a>]

01:24:30   points [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5070">TS</a>]

01:24:30   of that the rumors are addressing a few [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5070">TS</a>]

01:24:34   points the first point is the screen [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5074">TS</a>]

01:24:36   everybody seems to agree there will be a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5076">TS</a>]

01:24:38   Retina display there's a second question [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5078">TS</a>]

01:24:40   which is will there continue to be a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5080">TS</a>]

01:24:42   previous generation of iPad like the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5082">TS</a>]

01:24:44   iPad 2 along with the new one there is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5084">TS</a>]

01:24:48   the question of price points and and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5088">TS</a>]

01:24:52   then finally I believe there's a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5092">TS</a>]

01:24:54   question of naming conventions will this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5094">TS</a>]

01:24:56   be the iPad 2s the iPad 3 the iPad HD [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5096">TS</a>]

01:24:59   there's even more question about yeah so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5099">TS</a>]

01:25:01   those get paid once I'd love to hear all [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5101">TS</a>]

01:25:03   of them [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5103">TS</a>]

01:25:04   the only thing everyone agrees on is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5104">TS</a>]

01:25:05   Retina display yeah I also agree on that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5105">TS</a>]

01:25:07   yes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5107">TS</a>]

01:25:08   I mean we've we've all known this is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5108">TS</a>]

01:25:10   kind of like we all know that the the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5110">TS</a>]

01:25:11   MacBook Pro without an optical drive is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5111">TS</a>]

01:25:13   coming like we know it's coming yeah [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5113">TS</a>]

01:25:15   matter of time and now we know the time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5115">TS</a>]

01:25:16   it's that's definitely come okay ah [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5116">TS</a>]

01:25:20   I am almost as certain that Apple will [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5120">TS</a>]

01:25:23   continue to sell an iPad with a non [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5123">TS</a>]

01:25:25   Retina display almost hundred percent [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5125">TS</a>]

01:25:28   certain because it just seems crazy to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5128">TS</a>]

01:25:30   me that they wouldn't will it be the new [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5130">TS</a>]

01:25:32   iPad or will it be the existing iPad [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5132">TS</a>]

01:25:34   with without the Retina display like a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5134">TS</a>]

01:25:36   two versions of the new one come out or [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5136">TS</a>]

01:25:38   the one that we currently have today as [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5138">TS</a>]

01:25:40   the iPad 2 continues to be sold [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5140">TS</a>]

01:25:41   I think they keep selling the old one [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5141">TS</a>]

01:25:43   because that I think that the economies [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5143">TS</a>]

01:25:46   of scale network well they already have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5146">TS</a>]

01:25:47   the tooling the assembly lines the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5147">TS</a>]

01:25:49   people you know everything ready to make [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5149">TS</a>]

01:25:51   those exact things and maybe you stamp [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5151">TS</a>]

01:25:53   something different on the back of it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5153">TS</a>]

01:25:54   for branding if they wanted to change it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5154">TS</a>]

01:25:55   but it's the same reason they sell still [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5155">TS</a>]

01:25:56   sell the iPhone 4 and the 3GS like once [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5156">TS</a>]

01:25:58   you do the investment in making those [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5158">TS</a>]

01:26:00   products it's much cheaper just to keep [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5160">TS</a>]

01:26:03   making them and if they you know if they [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5163">TS</a>]

01:26:05   want to do they could change something [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5165">TS</a>]

01:26:06   about the name but I don't even think [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5166">TS</a>]

01:26:07   they will I think it will be just be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5167">TS</a>]

01:26:09   exactly identical it'll be the iPad 2 I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5169">TS</a>]

01:26:13   don't think we'll even bother renaming [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5173">TS</a>]

01:26:15   it to be like the iPad 3 slow version [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5175">TS</a>]

01:26:17   you know because that would just be a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5177">TS</a>]

01:26:19   matter of stamping something different [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5179">TS</a>]

01:26:20   on the back of the thing but I think [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5180">TS</a>]

01:26:22   they'll just continue to sell the old [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5182">TS</a>]

01:26:23   version the other one that I was really [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5183">TS</a>]

01:26:26   really sure about and now I'm kind of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5186">TS</a>]

01:26:28   waffling but I'm still mostly sure is no [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5188">TS</a>]

01:26:31   LTE I was so sure there would be no LTE [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5191">TS</a>]

01:26:34   but ibex I'm reading too many rumor [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5194">TS</a>]

01:26:36   sites and it getting into my head I'm [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5196">TS</a>]

01:26:39   pretty certain olt that's I feel [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5199">TS</a>]

01:26:41   strongly about that I but now [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5201">TS</a>]

01:26:43   I have doubts doubts have been so about [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5203">TS</a>]

01:26:45   this rumor site so I should sure not [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5205">TS</a>]

01:26:48   read them should just stuck to my guns [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5208">TS</a>]

01:26:49   and say no you're still saying no LT [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5209">TS</a>]

01:26:51   yeah what does the price point at price [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5211">TS</a>]

01:26:55   is another thing that I used to be more [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5215">TS</a>]

01:26:57   certain of and now I'm doubting I I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5217">TS</a>]

01:26:59   think I used to think and still kind of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5219">TS</a>]

01:27:02   do that Apple at least shouldn't be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5222">TS</a>]

01:27:05   afraid to sell a higher priced model to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5225">TS</a>]

01:27:09   have one model available that is more [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5229">TS</a>]

01:27:11   expensive than any of the current models [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5231">TS</a>]

01:27:13   available i but now I think that Apple [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5233">TS</a>]

01:27:18   is afraid of that I don't think they [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5238">TS</a>]

01:27:19   should be I think they should extend in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5239">TS</a>]

01:27:21   both directions I think they should be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5241">TS</a>]

01:27:23   able to have high-end model for people [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5243">TS</a>]

01:27:27   who want it and if the high amount is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5247">TS</a>]

01:27:28   like oh it's got 128 gigs of flash and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5248">TS</a>]

01:27:32   the retina display and you know the LTE [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5252">TS</a>]

01:27:35   radio because I'm wrong on that or you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5255">TS</a>]

01:27:37   know something like push out in the high [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5257">TS</a>]

01:27:38   end but as we get closer I think man [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5258">TS</a>]

01:27:42   Apple just really does not want to go in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5262">TS</a>]

01:27:44   that direction the direction I think [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5264">TS</a>]

01:27:46   more people can agree on is they're [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5266">TS</a>]

01:27:47   going to try to push lower if that means [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5267">TS</a>]

01:27:50   a price drop on the iPad - if that means [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5270">TS</a>]

01:27:52   you know like whatever that means they [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5272">TS</a>]

01:27:53   want to keep pushing down that always [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5273">TS</a>]

01:27:55   want to push down push down with the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5275">TS</a>]

01:27:56   iPods until they're so incredibly cheap [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5276">TS</a>]

01:27:59   they cost about as much as a case you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5279">TS</a>]

01:28:00   get an iPod shuffle the same prices you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5280">TS</a>]

01:28:02   can get like an iPhone good iPhone case [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5282">TS</a>]

01:28:03   all right pushing down down down I think [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5283">TS</a>]

01:28:06   the way they push down they're going to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5286">TS</a>]

01:28:08   push down with the iPads the same way [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5288">TS</a>]

01:28:09   they would have with the iPhones which [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5289">TS</a>]

01:28:10   is selling previous models the real [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5290">TS</a>]

01:28:14   question is can Apple afford to sell an [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5294">TS</a>]

01:28:16   iPad with a Retina display at the same [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5296">TS</a>]

01:28:20   price points as the iPad 2 for the same [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5300">TS</a>]

01:28:23   other features so if you take an iPad 2 [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5303">TS</a>]

01:28:24   that has a certain amount of flash [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5304">TS</a>]

01:28:25   memory and it has Wi-Fi and it has 3G [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5305">TS</a>]

01:28:28   can you just swap out that display and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5308">TS</a>]

01:28:29   sell it at the same price certainly albo [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5309">TS</a>]

01:28:31   can they've got room in their margins to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5311">TS</a>]

01:28:33   sell it with that but if they were going [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5313">TS</a>]

01:28:35   to I thought I would have seen more of a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5315">TS</a>]

01:28:40   warning about future margins going as a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5320">TS</a>]

01:28:42   thing for Horus to talk about nothing [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5322">TS</a>]

01:28:44   but in the earnings call I would have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5324">TS</a>]

01:28:47   thought that there would have been more [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5327">TS</a>]

01:28:48   warnings about our margins are going to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5328">TS</a>]

01:28:50   be lower next quarter so just keep that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5330">TS</a>]

01:28:51   in mind and if you ask them why they [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5331">TS</a>]

01:28:53   would say we don't talk about our [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5333">TS</a>]

01:28:54   announced products and component [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5334">TS</a>]

01:28:56   prices in blah blah blah like they would [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5336">TS</a>]

01:28:57   be evasive as they always are but if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5337">TS</a>]

01:29:01   they're going to have the exact same [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5341">TS</a>]

01:29:01   price points as the iPad 2 and maintain [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5341">TS</a>]

01:29:03   their margins I don't think it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5343">TS</a>]

01:29:05   possible because the screen just plain [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5345">TS</a>]

01:29:07   cost more no matter what kind of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5347">TS</a>]

01:29:08   sweetheart deal they got on these [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5348">TS</a>]

01:29:09   screens and I'm sure they got a good one [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5349">TS</a>]

01:29:10   it doesn't cost the same as the old [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5350">TS</a>]

01:29:13   screen their margins have to go down so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5353">TS</a>]

01:29:16   given that I think they may do some [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5356">TS</a>]

01:29:21   fancy mumbo-jumbo by shuffling the other [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5361">TS</a>]

01:29:24   features of the things so that the price [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5364">TS</a>]

01:29:26   points remain the same but what you're [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5366">TS</a>]

01:29:27   getting for the current cost of a 32 gig [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5367">TS</a>]

01:29:30   Wi-Fi only iPad isn't is not exactly [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5370">TS</a>]

01:29:34   comparable to what you get with the same [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5374">TS</a>]

01:29:37   price point a Retina Display iPad this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5377">TS</a>]

01:29:40   is all lots of waffling which is to say [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5380">TS</a>]

01:29:42   that it's clear that Apple wants to hit [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5382">TS</a>]

01:29:45   exactly the same price points and extend [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5385">TS</a>]

01:29:47   down that's the ideal they want exactly [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5387">TS</a>]

01:29:49   the same price as the iPod - iPad - but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5389">TS</a>]

01:29:51   now the price range goes lower so if you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5391">TS</a>]

01:29:53   can't afford even the cheapest previous [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5393">TS</a>]

01:29:54   iPad now maybe you can because the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5394">TS</a>]

01:29:56   cheapest model is even cheaper and yeah [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5396">TS</a>]

01:29:57   maybe it's last year's model I think [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5397">TS</a>]

01:29:59   they should extend up but I think [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5399">TS</a>]

01:30:01   they're afraid to maybe if they [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5401">TS</a>]

01:30:04   introduced one with more with more flash [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5404">TS</a>]

01:30:06   like a 128 gig one they might extend up [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5406">TS</a>]

01:30:09   but so if I had if you had to pin me [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5409">TS</a>]

01:30:11   down I would say same price points and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5411">TS</a>]

01:30:15   the price range extends downward but not [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5415">TS</a>]

01:30:17   upward what else do we have the name [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5417">TS</a>]

01:30:20   three versus 2's I'm not really [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5420">TS</a>]

01:30:23   interested in that because it's not [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5423">TS</a>]

01:30:24   going to change the product that's just [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5424">TS</a>]

01:30:26   as well you refuse to comment to s3 a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5426">TS</a>]

01:30:33   check those are the ones that are [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5433">TS</a>]

01:30:35   floating around today it probably [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5435">TS</a>]

01:30:39   depends on if it has a new case ah the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5439">TS</a>]

01:30:42   rumors are that the case is going to be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5442">TS</a>]

01:30:45   slightly thicker if that's the case [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5445">TS</a>]

01:30:47   they're going to call three if the case [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5447">TS</a>]

01:30:49   is exactly the same that you get away [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5449">TS</a>]

01:30:51   with 2s and I think they might do that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5451">TS</a>]

01:30:53   but I'm leaning towards three and a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5453">TS</a>]

01:30:56   different back slightly different back [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5456">TS</a>]

01:30:58   camera I'm assuming the camera will be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5458">TS</a>]

01:31:00   improved but I also would not be shocked [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5460">TS</a>]

01:31:02   if it wasn't about other people would be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5462">TS</a>]

01:31:03   shocked if it was I know but other [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5463">TS</a>]

01:31:04   people would flip out this could be one [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5464">TS</a>]

01:31:05   of those ways they maintain the price [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5465">TS</a>]

01:31:07   point because that camera that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5467">TS</a>]

01:31:08   piece-of-crap camera in the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5468">TS</a>]

01:31:09   back of the iPad it's got to cost them [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5469">TS</a>]

01:31:11   two cents by now and so they said well [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5471">TS</a>]

01:31:13   how can we hit the price point that we [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5473">TS</a>]

01:31:15   want to hit and how can we not raise [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5475">TS</a>]

01:31:16   prices given that we're putting the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5476">TS</a>]

01:31:17   super expensive screen in there well [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5477">TS</a>]

01:31:18   keep the same crappy camera ah do you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5478">TS</a>]

01:31:21   think a lot of people use the iPad 2 [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5481">TS</a>]

01:31:23   cameras for the FaceTime video [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5483">TS</a>]

01:31:26   I bet the one in the front gets much [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5486">TS</a>]

01:31:27   more use than the one in the back yeah [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5487">TS</a>]

01:31:28   but you know we've all seen the people [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5488">TS</a>]

01:31:30   holding up the iPads to take pictures of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5490">TS</a>]

01:31:32   stuff it happens everyone is like all [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5492">TS</a>]

01:31:35   that now they can put in the iPhone 4 [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5495">TS</a>]

01:31:37   camera in there if not the 4s camera [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5497">TS</a>]

01:31:38   you're right they could but will they [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5498">TS</a>]

01:31:40   Adam I'm I doubt that a lot the CPU a 6 [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5500">TS</a>]

01:31:45   verses a improved variant of the a5 I'm [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5505">TS</a>]

01:31:48   leaning pretty heavily towards the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5508">TS</a>]

01:31:50   variant of the a5 which means a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5510">TS</a>]

01:31:53   dual-core chip instead of quad-core I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5513">TS</a>]

01:31:54   don't think the a6 is ready yet and I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5514">TS</a>]

01:31:57   think the a5 with a better GPU and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5517">TS</a>]

01:31:58   whatever in their hands as they need for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5518">TS</a>]

01:32:00   the big honkin screen will be okay and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5520">TS</a>]

01:32:02   some people have said that even the a5 [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5522">TS</a>]

01:32:03   could handle a Retina display as is now [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5523">TS</a>]

01:32:06   maybe just a few other things need to be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5526">TS</a>]

01:32:08   tweaks so what else is left a 5x same [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5528">TS</a>]

01:32:14   price points HD no LTE possibly the same [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5534">TS</a>]

01:32:18   crappy camera will there be anything [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5538">TS</a>]

01:32:22   announced at the event such as a new or [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5542">TS</a>]

01:32:25   an actual new version of the Apple TV [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5545">TS</a>]

01:32:30   something different that supports 1080p [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5550">TS</a>]

01:32:32   better newer CPU inside I would really [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5552">TS</a>]

01:32:38   like it if I I'm leaning towards know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5558">TS</a>]

01:32:42   nothing about Apple TV but if there is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5562">TS</a>]

01:32:44   something about Apple TV I'm I'm [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5564">TS</a>]

01:32:48   thinking it's a new little black Apple [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5568">TS</a>]

01:32:51   TV box that just has like bumped specs [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5571">TS</a>]

01:32:55   basically it's not like an Apple [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5575">TS</a>]

01:32:57   television set it works the same as the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5577">TS</a>]

01:32:59   current little black square but you know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5579">TS</a>]

01:33:01   supports 1080p or whatever you know but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5581">TS</a>]

01:33:03   nothing big revolutionary which would [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5583">TS</a>]

01:33:06   save the Apple television set Apple [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5586">TS</a>]

01:33:09   saves TV whatever pipe dream that we all [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5589">TS</a>]

01:33:11   have for an end-of-the-year event and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5591">TS</a>]

01:33:13   just give us 2012 to mostly say if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5593">TS</a>]

01:33:17   you're going to buy an Apple TV now you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5597">TS</a>]

01:33:18   can get an apple TV 3 which looks [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5598">TS</a>]

01:33:20   exactly like the Apple TV 2 it's little [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5600">TS</a>]

01:33:21   black square [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5601">TS</a>]

01:33:22   maybe the biggest change they make is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5602">TS</a>]

01:33:24   that the the remote is Bluetooth but I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5604">TS</a>]

01:33:26   don't think they've changed that it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5606">TS</a>]

01:33:27   would be the same so there's going to be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5607">TS</a>]

01:33:29   no announcement or it's going to be a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5609">TS</a>]

01:33:30   little dinky black Apple TV 3 type thing [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5610">TS</a>]

01:33:33   su degree what you agree with John [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5613">TS</a>]

01:33:34   Gruber who said laser focus on the iPad [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5614">TS</a>]

01:33:37   and and maybe something supportive in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5617">TS</a>]

01:33:40   the Apple TV to go along with 1080p in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5620">TS</a>]

01:33:45   the iPad or something like yeah why [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5625">TS</a>]

01:33:46   would you take away from the iPad event [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5626">TS</a>]

01:33:48   by by showing the new version of the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5628">TS</a>]

01:33:51   Apple TV and the flip side is if there [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5631">TS</a>]

01:33:54   was like a really interesting TV product [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5634">TS</a>]

01:33:56   like whatever Apple plans to do in TV [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5636">TS</a>]

01:33:57   that's different than this little box [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5637">TS</a>]

01:33:59   they've been making that would have been [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5639">TS</a>]

01:34:00   evident on the invitation because that's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5640">TS</a>]

01:34:02   not something you do is like oh you know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5642">TS</a>]

01:34:04   oh by the way one more thing we have an [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5644">TS</a>]

01:34:06   entirely new crazy product that is just [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5646">TS</a>]

01:34:08   insane that's going to revolutionize [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5648">TS</a>]

01:34:10   tell that's what the event is about if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5650">TS</a>]

01:34:11   they're going to ever come out for you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5651">TS</a>]

01:34:13   know we're gonna revolutionize [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5653">TS</a>]

01:34:14   television that's not going to be an [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5654">TS</a>]

01:34:16   afterthought in the event I just don't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5656">TS</a>]

01:34:18   see that so I'm thinking nothing about [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5658">TS</a>]

01:34:20   television and then people would just be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5660">TS</a>]

01:34:21   sad like I say what the heck am i except [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5661">TS</a>]

01:34:23   for maybe itunes store selling HD stuff [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5663">TS</a>]

01:34:26   that seems reasonable to do because [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5666">TS</a>]

01:34:27   there's like I get this read an iPad [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5667">TS</a>]

01:34:29   yeah my games look great but I gotta [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5669">TS</a>]

01:34:30   watch the 720p movies on it and I get [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5670">TS</a>]

01:34:32   zoomed up that's kind of icky so 1080p [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5672">TS</a>]

01:34:35   content could have come at any time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5675">TS</a>]

01:34:36   because max can play 1080p now so I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5676">TS</a>]

01:34:38   don't you know whatever Apple is waiting [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5678">TS</a>]

01:34:39   on to unleash the 1080p video content [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5679">TS</a>]

01:34:42   that could be waiting on deals or [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5682">TS</a>]

01:34:45   re-encoding video or they gotta [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5685">TS</a>]

01:34:46   renegotiate something at all those deals [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5686">TS</a>]

01:34:48   is kinda like the Beatles it's like what [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5688">TS</a>]

01:34:50   was stopping the Beatles thing from [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5690">TS</a>]

01:34:51   happening [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5691">TS</a>]

01:34:51   just stupid negotiation so I'll add the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5691">TS</a>]

01:34:54   last question I've heard a lot of people [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5694">TS</a>]

01:34:56   out there speculating what apps or what [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5696">TS</a>]

01:34:58   kind of apps will be demoed and featured [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5698">TS</a>]

01:35:00   to show off the new Retina display I've [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5700">TS</a>]

01:35:03   heard you know if you remember earlier [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5703">TS</a>]

01:35:05   this week Adobe released photo photo [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5705">TS</a>]

01:35:08   shop touch and perhaps I hadn't thought [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5708">TS</a>]

01:35:12   of this but a couple people on Twitter [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5712">TS</a>]

01:35:14   and said to me oh I think that app was [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5714">TS</a>]

01:35:16   leaked it shouldn't have come out that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5716">TS</a>]

01:35:18   soon it was supposed to be held back it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5718">TS</a>]

01:35:20   came out too soon something like that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5720">TS</a>]

01:35:21   and that was supposed to be the big app [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5721">TS</a>]

01:35:23   that Apple demoed on stage perhaps [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5723">TS</a>]

01:35:27   that's true perhaps not question for you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5727">TS</a>]

01:35:29   what what kind of app do you think that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5729">TS</a>]

01:35:31   they'll use to highlight the new Retina [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5731">TS</a>]

01:35:34   display games [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5734">TS</a>]

01:35:36   so given they're gonna do games because [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5736">TS</a>]

01:35:38   that it combines everything they want to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5738">TS</a>]

01:35:39   show they want to show the more power [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5739">TS</a>]

01:35:40   slightly more probable GPU they want to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5740">TS</a>]

01:35:42   show that the graphics aren't Jaggi or [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5742">TS</a>]

01:35:44   anything drawing app is probably a good [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5744">TS</a>]

01:35:47   choice the real problem as Gruber [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5747">TS</a>]

01:35:49   pointed out is the Retina display is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5749">TS</a>]

01:35:53   very difficult to demonstrate because [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5753">TS</a>]

01:35:54   you're probably showing it in some [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5754">TS</a>]

01:35:56   little movie and like YouTube or even [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5756">TS</a>]

01:35:59   Apple's own HD movies you can't see the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5759">TS</a>]

01:36:03   difference of like someone filming a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5763">TS</a>]

01:36:05   Retina display and then compressing that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5765">TS</a>]

01:36:06   video you know I think he said you need [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5766">TS</a>]

01:36:08   a Retina display to appreciate a Retina [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5768">TS</a>]

01:36:11   display [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5771">TS</a>]

01:36:11   yeah and they can do it in slides [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5771">TS</a>]

01:36:13   because on slides they'll zoom in the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5773">TS</a>]

01:36:15   slide they'll show the zoomed in picture [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5775">TS</a>]

01:36:16   of a sprite from a game looking all [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5776">TS</a>]

01:36:17   blocky and I'll show the nice smooth [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5777">TS</a>]

01:36:18   line it's very easy to demonstrate in a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5778">TS</a>]

01:36:20   slide but when they have the actual iPad [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5780">TS</a>]

01:36:22   thing in their hand what are they going [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5782">TS</a>]

01:36:24   to demonstrate that I think this is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5784">TS</a>]

01:36:27   actually a problem for for this iPad [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5787">TS</a>]

01:36:30   announcement because we all know that is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5790">TS</a>]

01:36:32   going to be Retina display we all know [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5792">TS</a>]

01:36:34   it's impossible to demonstrate and it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5794">TS</a>]

01:36:36   like what applications is this Retina [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5796">TS</a>]

01:36:38   display make possible that previously [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5798">TS</a>]

01:36:40   we're impossible [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5800">TS</a>]

01:36:41   pretty much none it just makes a whole [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5801">TS</a>]

01:36:43   bunch of them better and we all [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5803">TS</a>]

01:36:43   understand that but then like what do [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5803">TS</a>]

01:36:45   you talk about for the rest of the time [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5805">TS</a>]

01:36:46   if it's just an a5 X you can say oh and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5806">TS</a>]

01:36:48   the graphics are you know X amount [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5808">TS</a>]

01:36:50   faster if it's not quad-core you can't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5810">TS</a>]

01:36:53   say on this a double number of cores but [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5813">TS</a>]

01:36:55   even that like I demonstrate speed ah if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5815">TS</a>]

01:36:58   even if is LTE that you know I don't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5818">TS</a>]

01:37:00   know that I guess I guess I could look [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5820">TS</a>]

01:37:03   back at what they demonstrated the iPad [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5823">TS</a>]

01:37:04   2 announcement there's not something [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5824">TS</a>]

01:37:07   kintyre lee knew that you couldn't do [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5827">TS</a>]

01:37:09   before that you can do now it just makes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5829">TS</a>]

01:37:10   things better and faster it's kind of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5830">TS</a>]

01:37:12   like a it's not a speed bump but it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5832">TS</a>]

01:37:13   kind of like when they do would do all [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5833">TS</a>]

01:37:15   new all new Powerbooks and what would be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5835">TS</a>]

01:37:19   different about them well they'd have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5839">TS</a>]

01:37:20   faster CPUs that hold more memory that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5840">TS</a>]

01:37:22   this could be able to get bigger and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5842">TS</a>]

01:37:23   maybe the screen is nicer in some way [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5843">TS</a>]

01:37:27   but that's it's not a speed bump that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5847">TS</a>]

01:37:30   I'll then have a new case so this could [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5850">TS</a>]

01:37:31   have a new case too so I think their [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5851">TS</a>]

01:37:34   ability to do cool demos with the iPad [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5854">TS</a>]

01:37:36   is decreasing and they are they're going [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5856">TS</a>]

01:37:38   to be forced to demonstrate their market [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5858">TS</a>]

01:37:42   strength by saying look at all the cool [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5862">TS</a>]

01:37:43   applications we have so they're probably [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5863">TS</a>]

01:37:45   going to demo applications that if you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5865">TS</a>]

01:37:46   think about it like well you could add [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5866">TS</a>]

01:37:48   that application on the iPad [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5868">TS</a>]

01:37:49   - and yeah it looks nice easy to write [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5869">TS</a>]

01:37:51   in a display but there's nothing about [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5871">TS</a>]

01:37:53   this new iPad that now makes this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5873">TS</a>]

01:37:55   application possible it wasn't possibly [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5875">TS</a>]

01:37:56   for a good example is Microsoft Office [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5876">TS</a>]

01:37:58   Microsoft Office could exist in for the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5878">TS</a>]

01:37:59   iPad 1 or the iPad 2 it happens to be if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5879">TS</a>]

01:38:02   it happens to be available now that [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5882">TS</a>]

01:38:04   would be a good thing to demonstrate to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5884">TS</a>]

01:38:05   say look we've got Microsoft Office on [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5885">TS</a>]

01:38:07   the iPad isn't that awesome and the same [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5887">TS</a>]

01:38:09   thing for games or any medical imaging [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5889">TS</a>]

01:38:12   application you want to show I don't [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5892">TS</a>]

01:38:13   really know what their pitch is going to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5893">TS</a>]

01:38:15   be I just know that their job is getting [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5895">TS</a>]

01:38:16   harder it's much easier to show the iPad [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5896">TS</a>]

01:38:19   but the first time and the second one [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5899">TS</a>]

01:38:20   it's like thinner and his cameras and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5900">TS</a>]

01:38:22   stuff but now it's not like going to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5902">TS</a>]

01:38:24   keep adding geegaws and making new [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5904">TS</a>]

01:38:27   things possible on the iPad it's just [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5907">TS</a>]

01:38:28   going to be a demonstration of look at [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5908">TS</a>]

01:38:30   the neat new applications that are out [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5910">TS</a>]

01:38:32   for the iPad now a dock connector I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5912">TS</a>]

01:38:38   think the doctors say is the same do you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5918">TS</a>]

01:38:42   think that we will see a new dock [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5922">TS</a>]

01:38:43   connector sometime in the near future [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5923">TS</a>]

01:38:45   I really hope so maybe not this revision [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5925">TS</a>]

01:38:49   it almost sounds like we could do a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5929">TS</a>]

01:38:51   whole show just talking about connectors [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5931">TS</a>]

01:38:52   like we did that time I wish I did [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5932">TS</a>]

01:38:55   oh i phone 5 is my bed for connector [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5935">TS</a>]

01:38:57   changes will it happen just for the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5937">TS</a>]

01:38:59   iPhone or will it happen across the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5939">TS</a>]

01:39:02   board album for the iPhone first that's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5942">TS</a>]

01:39:05   my prediction okay no so it be with the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5945">TS</a>]

01:39:07   5 and it will not some people have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5947">TS</a>]

01:39:10   speculated will it be a u.s. mini USB or [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5950">TS</a>]

01:39:12   micro USB and you're saying no it will [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5952">TS</a>]

01:39:14   just as we have the previous NOC [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5954">TS</a>]

01:39:16   connector it will be its own new thing [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5956">TS</a>]

01:39:17   that won't be compatible with anything [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5957">TS</a>]

01:39:20   else they'll probably sell an adapter [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5960">TS</a>]

01:39:21   for it but it's not like they're going [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5961">TS</a>]

01:39:23   to take a Thunderbolt port there or some [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5963">TS</a>]

01:39:27   kind of other that it will be Apple's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5967">TS</a>]

01:39:29   own new port that we've never seen [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5969">TS</a>]

01:39:31   before I think I would love to use [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5971">TS</a>]

01:39:33   Thunderbolt I don't think there's room [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5973">TS</a>]

01:39:34   inside an iPhone right the controller [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5974">TS</a>]

01:39:36   chips to support this just it don't fit [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5976">TS</a>]

01:39:38   it's not going to not going to make it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5978">TS</a>]

01:39:40   and never mind that the connector itself [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5980">TS</a>]

01:39:42   would has to have all this chips in and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5982">TS</a>]

01:39:43   everything that's also big and bulky so [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5983">TS</a>]

01:39:45   they would love that Thunderbolt and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5985">TS</a>]

01:39:46   thunderbolt is probably actually [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5986">TS</a>]

01:39:48   feasible on the iPad but not on the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5988">TS</a>]

01:39:49   phone I think the reason they're going [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5989">TS</a>]

01:39:50   to go to a new connector on the phone if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5990">TS</a>]

01:39:52   it doesn't happen in the iPhone 5 then [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5992">TS</a>]

01:39:53   maybe the 6 or something is that they're [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5993">TS</a>]

01:39:57   going to keep making that damn phone [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5997">TS</a>]

01:39:58   thinner and at a certain point it be [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/5998">TS</a>]

01:40:00   like that the phone at the thin end is [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6000">TS</a>]

01:40:03   like [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6003">TS</a>]

01:40:03   as thin is the 30-pin connector is and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6003">TS</a>]

01:40:05   it starts to become your limiting factor [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6005">TS</a>]

01:40:07   and you know also I've seen you know the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6007">TS</a>]

01:40:10   people taking screens the inside how [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6010">TS</a>]

01:40:11   much that how much room on the inside of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6011">TS</a>]

01:40:13   the phone that connector takes up it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6013">TS</a>]

01:40:15   starts to become an issue it's like this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6015">TS</a>]

01:40:17   this stupid connector is dictating the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6017">TS</a>]

01:40:19   design of our phone to a large extent [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6019">TS</a>]

01:40:22   because it's taking up room on the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6022">TS</a>]

01:40:24   inside and we can't make the edges any [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6024">TS</a>]

01:40:25   thinner than this because it gets a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6025">TS</a>]

01:40:26   little bit ridiculous the ipod touches [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6026">TS</a>]

01:40:27   close to the as thin as you can make it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6027">TS</a>]

01:40:30   and still support that 30 pin connector [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6030">TS</a>]

01:40:31   in a reasonable manner so I think it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6031">TS</a>]

01:40:34   it's days are numbered and and one of [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6034">TS</a>]

01:40:37   the easy predictions is no replacement [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6037">TS</a>]

01:40:39   the connector is gone and there is no [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6039">TS</a>]

01:40:41   other connector right they'll use they [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6041">TS</a>]

01:40:43   use Wi-Fi for syncing and capacitive [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6043">TS</a>]

01:40:45   charging further further charging and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6045">TS</a>]

01:40:48   that's it there you don't plug your [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6048">TS</a>]

01:40:49   phone into anything well you could for [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6049">TS</a>]

01:40:51   charging you can always do a little [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6051">TS</a>]

01:40:52   pinhole like charging you can get away [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6052">TS</a>]

01:40:54   with a really tiny hole you know we [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6054">TS</a>]

01:40:56   think they would be able to repurpose [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6056">TS</a>]

01:40:58   the way they've done with the shuffle [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6058">TS</a>]

01:41:00   where you can charge with the headphone [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6060">TS</a>]

01:41:02   jack yeah it's possible you don't charge [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6062">TS</a>]

01:41:06   for the headphone jack on the shuffle or [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6066">TS</a>]

01:41:07   you charge with the well I guess it's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6067">TS</a>]

01:41:09   the USB connector through the headphone [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6069">TS</a>]

01:41:10   jack but yeah right but it goes it in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6070">TS</a>]

01:41:12   other words there's no separate there's [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6072">TS</a>]

01:41:14   only one hole in the shuffle and they [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6074">TS</a>]

01:41:16   could do the same thing with the iPhone [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6076">TS</a>]

01:41:18   yeah that's that's future if you chose [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6078">TS</a>]

01:41:20   like iPhone 6 or 7 like if we still have [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6080">TS</a>]

01:41:22   this 30 min connector by the time we're [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6082">TS</a>]

01:41:24   talking about iPhone 6 this time so I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6084">TS</a>]

01:41:25   was thinking that that entire connector [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6085">TS</a>]

01:41:26   goes away which is it's weird because [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6086">TS</a>]

01:41:28   that connector doesn't just sync and [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6088">TS</a>]

01:41:31   charge it does all sorts of stuff with [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6091">TS</a>]

01:41:33   peripherals but at a certain point when [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6093">TS</a>]

01:41:37   this thing becomes a certain in [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6097">TS</a>]

01:41:39   particular becomes a certain size how [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6099">TS</a>]

01:41:41   can you attach something to this skinny [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6101">TS</a>]

01:41:44   little card it's just basically like a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6104">TS</a>]

01:41:46   little screen in your aunt how do you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6106">TS</a>]

01:41:48   attach something to that through to a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6108">TS</a>]

01:41:50   port that connects with it it becomes [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6110">TS</a>]

01:41:52   cumbersome and unwieldy and just weird [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6112">TS</a>]

01:41:56   you know it's what weird already to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6116">TS</a>]

01:41:58   attach things to the bottom of your [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6118">TS</a>]

01:41:59   phone even it's like a battery pack or [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6119">TS</a>]

01:42:01   something so I want the I want the [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6121">TS</a>]

01:42:03   30-pin connector go away and if [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6123">TS</a>]

01:42:05   something has to replace that I want to [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6125">TS</a>]

01:42:07   be much smaller so I'm predicting iPhone [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6127">TS</a>]

01:42:08   5 but this this side new iPad I'm almost [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6128">TS</a>]

01:42:11   certain will have 30 pin connector on [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6131">TS</a>]

01:42:13   the bottom just like usual okay [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6133">TS</a>]

01:42:16   and I have no inside info just this [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6136">TS</a>]

01:42:19   disclaimer in case people think I [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6139">TS</a>]

01:42:20   actually know stuff I know nothing [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6140">TS</a>]

01:42:21   you'll see how wrong I am [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6141">TS</a>]

01:42:23   and when March 7th comes if you're [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6143">TS</a>]

01:42:24   writing down things that I predicted [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6144">TS</a>]

01:42:26   just check them off at it then that's it [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6146">TS</a>]

01:42:33   hundred minutes pretty good okay have a [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6153">TS</a>]

01:42:39   good week Joe you do now [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6159">TS</a>]

01:42:49   you [<a href="https://overcast.fm/+IpntKDYo/6169">TS</a>]