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595: The Best Secret Store

 

00:00:00   If you recall, my backup vortex is not as robust, perhaps, as John's, but it's robust.

00:00:07   And one part of the backup vortex is a Synology—I couldn't even tell you the model number off the top of my head—but a listener and friend had—

00:00:15   [Laughter]

00:00:17   I completely forgot that one thing. It scared the poop out of me. But anyways, a listener and friend had sent me one that he had decommissioned.

00:00:26   And, you know, really it was just collecting dust, and I was like, "Sure, I'll use it." And I put it in Mom and Dad's house, which is a little less than an hour away from here.

00:00:32   And it was literally—the only real purpose it had was to slurp up backups from my Synology here at the house.

00:00:38   Well, there was some real bad thunderstorms that went through the area, like, a week ago or so.

00:00:44   And I guess wherever my Dad and I put the Synology, perhaps it was not on the surge suppressor. I don't know what happened, but apparently it is dead.

00:00:52   I haven't gotten physical control of it since this happened, so I genuinely don't know what the issue is.

00:00:57   It could be just a power supply, it could be something much more, you know, damaging, whatever the case may be.

00:01:02   So that's tale of woe number one. And again, it could be an easy fix, who knows.

00:01:07   But tale of woe number two is I decided to take my footstool—I'm sorry, my old Synology—and bring it back to life so it can serve as the backup vortex.

00:01:19   I had an 1813+—that Synology was kind enough to give one to all three of us, one apiece, literally 10 years ago, or 11 now or something like that.

00:01:28   More, I think.

00:01:29   And so it had been my Synology up until a few months ago when I got a new one, and I just kind of turned it off and basically used it as a footstool.

00:01:37   Well, I brought it back to life and started the backup process anew.

00:01:43   You know, I deleted everything that was on it because I hadn't needed it in months.

00:01:46   And in theory, everything was duplicated to the new Synology.

00:01:50   So I started my backup—I don't recall exactly what day I started it, but today was something like two or three days after I started the backup.

00:01:59   And I have something to the order of 10 terabytes that I'm backing up.

00:02:04   I don't remember the number offhand, but it was around that much.

00:02:06   And I was looking at the hyper backup app within the Synology web interface, which is what's doing this backup.

00:02:14   And it said I was at like 93%.

00:02:17   And I was very excited because I think I'm going to be seeing my parents in the next couple of days.

00:02:21   And I can—and depending on where we are, I'll either hand them the Synology and say, "Please plug this in," or perhaps I will bring them the Synology if we're going to their house, and I'll plug it in and I can assess the damage on the other one.

00:02:31   And I really wanted this backup to be done locally rather than having to do it across the internet.

00:02:36   So it was at like 93%.

00:02:38   And I went to get up from my desk and past Casey made poor choices.

00:02:44   Because there was no great power outlet anywhere near where the old Synology needed to be.

00:02:52   And I think you can see where this is going.

00:02:53   As soon as you said you got up from your desk, I saw where this was going.

00:02:57   Yep.

00:02:58   So I have a power strip.

00:03:01   I have a fully Jarvis desk.

00:03:03   It's, you know, the cool kid desk that I got long after it was no longer cool.

00:03:07   But I really do love this desk.

00:03:08   It has on the back of it a tray where you can put like a power supply and cables and whatnot.

00:03:14   Past Casey was smart insofar as I draped like a little six inch extension cord off of it.

00:03:21   So I can easily plug things in temporarily, right?

00:03:23   And so that's where I plug the Synology in on like a five or six foot, you know, standard,

00:03:29   I don't remember the code for it, but the standard computer plug, right?

00:03:33   So I have this going under the desk and just hanging, I mean, not in tension,

00:03:37   but hanging off the back of the desk, basically in this tray.

00:03:41   Well, I had my legs crossed and I go to get up and I put my legs down and flip 93%.

00:03:46   I was, and now I'm starting over baby because that thing just died instantly.

00:03:53   It won't, it won't resume.

00:03:55   Well, so here's the thing.

00:03:56   It tried to resume, but it very well could have been user error.

00:03:59   I don't know what I did, but it tried to resume for a second.

00:04:01   And then it was like, no, the, the target device is not there.

00:04:05   And I had already rebooted everything on the old device.

00:04:08   You know, the, the, the destination.

00:04:10   I tried to get it in a good known good state and it very well could have been something

00:04:14   I screwed up, but one way or another, no, it did not resume.

00:04:16   I think it tried to and it failed.

00:04:18   So now I'm starting over baby.

00:04:20   Which is really, really annoying and unfortunate that things could be much worse.

00:04:24   Don't get me wrong.

00:04:25   Or you plug it in for the second attempt.

00:04:27   Oh, it's in the exact same spot.

00:04:28   However, however, I knew you were going to ask this.

00:04:31   What I did was I drew, there's enough slack on the cable that I draped it over the edge

00:04:35   of the tray.

00:04:36   So instead of being like, you know, directly where my feet would be, it's way over to the

00:04:41   edge of the desk.

00:04:42   So, you know, this is going to be a multi-day process.

00:04:44   Now, why don't you get it plugged in somewhere that, you know, it will be safe for multiple

00:04:48   days because that was that would, that would make way too much sense.

00:04:51   And I didn't want to, I didn't want to have to get a different extension cord rest your

00:04:54   glass of water on it while it backs up.

00:04:56   All right, let's do some follow-up Scott shoe charts writes.

00:05:01   Did you forget about the HP iPods in your iPod tier list special?

00:05:06   Surely a letter grade off of their proper peers.

00:05:08   I knew this was a thing did not even occur to me when we were recording.

00:05:12   However, that we should talk about these.

00:05:14   We probably should have included it.

00:05:15   Well, they weren't really distinct models.

00:05:17   Were they?

00:05:17   I mean, although neither were the U2 ones, John.

00:05:21   No, the U2 ones I thought were worth putting in because I think they are, um, there are

00:05:27   strong opinions in both directions.

00:05:28   Some people really love the black and red, uh, and some people hate it.

00:05:32   Nobody liked the HP iPods.

00:05:33   They were like baby blue, baby bluish gray.

00:05:35   So whatever color HP thought stood for HP back in those days, it was kind of like, I

00:05:40   don't know, it was, it was terrible.

00:05:41   It was like a powder blue that was really dirty.

00:05:44   It just was not good.

00:05:46   And I just, I mean, they would have just ended up going into F because it's like taking a

00:05:50   good iPod and ruining it was kind of the way, you know, like when Steve jobs was introducing

00:05:55   the rocker phone or I think that was, it was not the device that he threw at somebody.

00:05:59   Like you can tell when he was introducing a device that he really had disdain for.

00:06:03   That was the HP iPod.

00:06:04   Well, it wasn't the whole point of that basically a distribution deal because HP had so much

00:06:08   more distribution than Apple back then.

00:06:10   And that I think that was the point, if I remember correctly, of just like getting it

00:06:13   into, into places that sold HP products.

00:06:16   I mean, maybe it was definitely one of those deals where somebody convinced jobs that they

00:06:19   should do this for some business reason.

00:06:21   And then immediately after, I'm sure he said, we're never doing this again.

00:06:24   Oh yeah.

00:06:24   There's no way he liked that at all.

00:06:25   Oh yeah.

00:06:28   The, the, the, the, I think the rocker was the best.

00:06:30   Maybe it wasn't HP iPod, but the just utter disgust as he was introducing this was so

00:06:35   good.

00:06:35   Anyways.

00:06:36   All right.

00:06:37   With regard to the tier list, we we've asked this question several times before, I feel

00:06:42   like, but it wasn't until this time that David Schaub wrote in to tell us S tier is borrowed

00:06:47   from Japan.

00:06:48   So remember on a tier list, it's S, A, B, C, D, F, or sometimes A, B, C, D, E.

00:06:54   And if you look at the Wikipedia entry for the tier list, S tier may stand for special

00:07:00   super or the Japanese word for exemplary, which is shoe, I guess I'm sure I'm pronouncing

00:07:05   that wrong.

00:07:05   I apologize.

00:07:06   And originates from the widespread use in Japanese culture of an S grade for advertising

00:07:11   and academic grading.

00:07:12   And then additionally, if you were, if you look at the academic grading in Japan entry

00:07:16   in Wikipedia and Japan, each school has a different grading system.

00:07:19   Many universities use the following set of categories shoe or asks for exemplary or excellent,

00:07:25   which apparently is from 90 to 100% in terms of score, and it is rarely, rarely given you,

00:07:31   which is very good.

00:07:32   That's why you not the letter you, that is the letter A for 80 to 89% Rio, which is good

00:07:39   or a letter B.

00:07:40   I'm sure I'm butchering these.

00:07:41   I'm so sorry.

00:07:42   Which is 70 to 79% car, which is an average or pass or C 60 to 69% nin approved or acceptable,

00:07:50   which is D or F, which is 50 to 59% also uncommon.

00:07:54   And then Fuka, which is unacceptable or failed, which is anything from zero to 59%.

00:07:58   It's interesting that they basically have a shifted version of the American grading system

00:08:03   because 80 89 is a B around here, but in Japan, 80 89 is an A.

00:08:07   And as for the tier lists, like when most people do tier lists and including us, I guess

00:08:16   maybe when, when Americans do it, they're thinking of a as like the top grade and S

00:08:20   is a very, very special tier, but the actual Japanese academic grading system is not like

00:08:26   that at all.

00:08:26   It's not like S is like 99 to a hundred.

00:08:28   And then a is the rest of the nineties or something.

00:08:31   S is the entire range of the A's.

00:08:33   So it's kind of weird, but yeah, this makes sense.

00:08:35   We did link to the tier list Wikipedia page at the very first time we did a tier list,

00:08:39   but just in case people didn't follow that link, some more information for you now.

00:08:43   Yeah.

00:08:43   S tier in tier lists, I think it means maybe let's say 90 to 98, 90 to 99.

00:08:50   Does it mean one Oh one to 100, whatever it is, it's definitely not 90 to a hundred.

00:08:54   Yeah.

00:08:55   All right.

00:08:56   AirPods pro do have an inward facing microphone.

00:08:59   I thought we had theorized this.

00:09:01   In fact, I think I was going to bring it up and then maybe Marco beat me to the punch.

00:09:04   I was talking about it as if it exists.

00:09:06   And I asked, is that a thing that's actually in there?

00:09:07   And we didn't know for sure.

00:09:08   I fix it knows for sure.

00:09:09   They tore the thing open and you can find the little microphone it's in there.

00:09:12   Yep.

00:09:13   Uh, Terry Gilbert writes with another, uh, proposition for a Brexit style name for Apple

00:09:19   leaving EU market.

00:09:20   Terry writes, I propose the term Palm voyage, P O M M E voyage.

00:09:25   It means Apple journey or travel in French, which is one of the main EU languages.

00:09:29   That's pretty fun.

00:09:29   That's a plan bomb voyage, which is having a good journey.

00:09:32   And you could also do the apple of the earth, which is everyone knows the potato.

00:09:38   Pomme de Terre is potato in France.

00:09:43   I did not know that it makes perfect sense.

00:09:45   You mean apple, and then you just buried in the ground, apple of the earth potato.

00:09:48   They're so similar.

00:09:49   Great language.

00:09:50   Sure.

00:09:51   That's why I tell you here how they say 80.

00:09:54   All right.

00:09:54   Uh, with regard to blocking AI crawlers menu rights, I wish Marco had explained why he

00:09:59   thinks it's short-sighted to block all AI crawlers from being able to see your content.

00:10:03   How do I benefit from letting an AI train on my data and profit from it?

00:10:06   Or what do I lose by blocking it?

00:10:08   Setting aside whether such blocking is actually possible.

00:10:10   So it depends on what we think AI will bring to the table in the future.

00:10:16   I mean, you know, imagine if somebody, if there was a big dispute when the web first

00:10:22   came out on not allowing search engines to find your page for whatever reason you might

00:10:28   think like, obviously think, think back to like the 1990s when the internet was extremely

00:10:33   young at the web was extremely young at least.

00:10:34   And you know, imagine if there was some, you know, some kind of fear out there that like,

00:10:40   what if, like, what if Google serving results like drives like the wrong people?

00:10:44   I don't know.

00:10:45   Like whatever people would have been afraid of back then.

00:10:47   You know, not necessarily even just, you know, fear about new tech, but even if even something

00:10:51   as simple as like, what might interrupt somebody's business model?

00:10:55   What if, remember like there was a, there, there, there have briefly been publishers

00:11:00   who think that like, you shouldn't be allowed to quote deep link into their site, that you

00:11:05   should force everyone to like go to the homepage first and then go into the web, the rest of

00:11:08   the site from there.

00:11:09   Publishers have actually tried to insist upon that or legally require that a long time ago.

00:11:14   I don't think that I've really got anywhere.

00:11:16   But you can imagine maybe there are some business case why people might want that.

00:11:19   And then search engines come along and say, we're just going to index anything you have

00:11:23   publicly and let people jump directly to your other like leaf pages without having to go

00:11:27   through your entire site navigation first.

00:11:29   And that's actually probably better for most sites to have that ability and to have that

00:11:33   inbound traffic to those leaf pages.

00:11:36   But at some point in the past, some publishers have thought that goes against my business

00:11:40   model or my preferences or what I think is right.

00:11:43   We don't know yet what kind of value AI will bring in learning from our content.

00:11:50   It looks pretty bad right now.

00:11:52   I'll give you that.

00:11:52   It looks pretty bad.

00:11:54   It looks like it's mostly taking and not a lot of giving.

00:11:58   But what if AI models start keeping track of where they learn something from?

00:12:02   Now I recognize that is not really how most of them work today with the training methods

00:12:07   and everything like that.

00:12:08   But we are seeing what a lot of people want out of chatbot style models is basically references.

00:12:14   Show me where you got this because I don't trust you, which is fair.

00:12:17   Well, what if AI models start taking over a large portion of search traffic, which I

00:12:23   think seems likely.

00:12:24   And what if they start actually having links to follow to verify where they got that information

00:12:30   from?

00:12:30   Well then, if that comes to pass and if that becomes a lot of search traffic, if you've

00:12:35   blocked AI crawling on your site, you're not going to get that traffic.

00:12:39   Now, yes, in the meantime, they could steal your traffic or they could steal your value

00:12:43   by basically spitting out your content without linking to you.

00:12:46   And I recognize why people don't want that.

00:12:48   That makes sense.

00:12:49   But if five years from now, half of web searching or more is now going through an LLM style

00:12:56   model and it does link out to where it found the information from, like Wikipedia style,

00:13:01   and you're not in there, you've just lost half of search traffic.

00:13:05   So I want to caution you, be careful blanket blocking everything unless you really know

00:13:13   it's actually really going to hurt you right now.

00:13:16   If it's not hurting you right now, I would say, wait, see how this plays out.

00:13:22   Don't make any rash decisions that might block your entire site and all of your content from

00:13:29   what might be how most people find stuff in a really short time.

00:13:33   Why not do the reverse of that and block everything now and if it turns out beneficial,

00:13:37   let them back in?

00:13:38   I mean, you can, but in the meantime, you'll be losing out on whatever comes of this.

00:13:44   Again, if this is actively hurting the value of your content right now, do what you got

00:13:49   to do.

00:13:50   But if you can't tell that it's directly hurting you, I would say hold off on taking

00:13:54   any action if you can.

00:13:55   Give it a second, see where it goes.

00:13:58   If there's no harm happening right now, this is not a pressing issue for you.

00:14:02   >> I mean, it may be a while to see that harm because there could be models that were trained

00:14:07   on this that have not yet shipped, right?

00:14:09   And who knows how long those models will be in service, especially if they're open source

00:14:13   models or if Apple doesn't retrain its models on an annual basis or something.

00:14:17   There could be a model that was trained on your content that isn't hurting you right

00:14:19   now, but because you allow them to crawl you, you know, when iOS 18.4 comes out and has

00:14:24   Apple intelligence and there's stuff trained on your model that's part of it, then it starts

00:14:28   hurting you, but by then it's too late to block them because they already crawled you

00:14:32   a year and a half ago.

00:14:32   >> Yeah, and honestly, that might happen, but I think odds are if most people are going

00:14:40   to get most of their searching done through LLMs, it's not going to matter if you are

00:14:46   still in the old Google index or whatever, you're going to lose all your search traffic

00:14:50   anyway.

00:14:51   Granted, this is me not having blogged in like 5,000 years, so I get why I don't maybe

00:14:57   have a lot of credibility here because I personally don't have a lot to lose right at this second

00:15:01   with the way things are today, but if this is where the world is going and everyone starts

00:15:06   searching through these kind of interfaces and the regular web crawling indexes start

00:15:12   becoming marginalized, you're out of luck if you're not in them. Right now, at least,

00:15:17   you might be out of luck, you might not be, but if things go that direction, it's like

00:15:22   you can be pushing really, really hard to be included in the Yellow Pages phone book,

00:15:26   but that doesn't matter so much these days. No matter how great the Yellow Pages was for

00:15:30   your business in the past, the reality is no one's finding things that way anymore,

00:15:34   so you kind of have to play ball with Google Maps and Apple Maps and Yelp and stuff like

00:15:38   that. That's how people find things now for businesses.

00:15:41   If search takes a similar kind of turn, where the way web searches are done and where people

00:15:46   find content from the web is through LLM-based models that train on public sites and then

00:15:52   try to give answers, if you're not there, you're leaving yourself out of where all the

00:15:57   people are going. Now, it's a separate problem how we figure out how to compensate publishers

00:16:03   for that. In the olden days, with the search index, as we mentioned in the last episode,

00:16:07   it was this kind of trade of like, "Alright, I will let you index my site because the value

00:16:13   that I'm going to get is that people are going to click on those links and come to

00:16:16   my site and then I can serve them ads or whatever," and so there's kind of an equal

00:16:20   value exchange there. Obviously, that's not the case now with LLM-based search answers.

00:16:25   That's obviously a problem now, but if that's where all the searches go, you kind of have

00:16:30   no link to stand on if you're not there. So at least you can be there if and when this

00:16:35   stuff gets worked out a little bit better and publishers start figuring out through

00:16:39   lots of probably lawsuits, publishers start maybe having some way to have attribution

00:16:43   and click through links and stuff like that.

00:16:44   All right, Cloudflare is offering a one-click AI bot blocker. So from Cloudflare's blog,

00:16:53   we hear today clearly that customers don't want AI bots visiting their websites and especially

00:17:01   those that do so dishonestly. To help, we've added a brand new one-click to block all AI

00:17:05   bots. It's available for all customers, including those on the free tier. We've observed bot

00:17:10   operators attempt to appear as though they are a real browser by using a spoofed user

00:17:14   agent. We've monitored this activity over time. We're proud to say that our global

00:17:17   machine learning model has always recognized this activity as a bot, even when operators

00:17:22   lie about their user agent. This feature will automatically be updated over time as we see

00:17:27   new fingerprints of offending bots. We identify as widely scraping the web for model training.

00:17:34   Please don't do this. Please don't enable this. Please, for the love of God, don't

00:17:37   do this. Fight fire with fire, machine learning versus machine learning. Because as we said,

00:17:42   there's no hard and fast way to block this because they can just lie about the user

00:17:45   agent. Aha, but we'll use fingerprinting and we can detect their behavior because bots

00:17:48   behave in certain ways. Anything that's based on heuristics and best guess and machine

00:17:55   learning type stuff, it's going to have false positives, right? It's not a system between

00:18:01   parties that agree on conventions that can be made fairly solid. This is adversarial.

00:18:05   One party is trying to get through. The other party is trying to detect them when they're

00:18:08   trying to hide. So inevitably this will block some legitimate traffic in ways that are not

00:18:16   easy to understand or fix. But that might be worth it to some people. And so Cloudflare

00:18:21   is just trying to offer a service that people are asking for. I just do wonder exactly how

00:18:25   well it will work. Yeah, so here's why you shouldn't do this.

00:18:29   Again, unless you know specifically that you have a problem that AI crawlers are causing

00:18:35   you directly, please don't do this. Because again, first of all, it always catches other

00:18:40   stuff in it. Like, I can't tell you how many problems I've had with overcast crawling

00:18:46   feeds because some IT admin for a podcast website makes some blanket decision and says,

00:18:54   "All right, for our entire site, we're going to hit this switch on Cloudflare that

00:18:59   says protect against DDoS or whatever." And it ends up blocking like a third of crawlers,

00:19:03   including my own. And then their podcast feeds can't be read by half the podcast apps out

00:19:09   there. This happens all the time. The amount of pain in the buttery that Cloudflare has

00:19:16   caused web crawler and bot and just web app makers, the amount of pain in the buttery

00:19:23   they've caused us over the years with these kind of DDoS protections that maybe put people

00:19:29   through a JavaScript redirect or a CAPTCHA or whatever before they view the site, or

00:19:33   they just block you because they think you might be the wrong kind of bot. Like, what

00:19:37   even is the wrong kind of bot? It's been such a problem. The only way I even got around

00:19:43   this is that Cloudflare has a program that you can apply to be a good bot. It's like

00:19:50   to be classified for your bot to be a good bot and to not be blocked by most of their

00:19:55   stuff. And that process, I think it took me like six months and repeated emails and reaching

00:20:02   out to any content I might have possibly had like, "Hey, do I know anybody at Cloudflare?

00:20:05   Like, can you please look at this?" All this is to say, if you turn on stuff like

00:20:10   this for your site, you will be causing lots of problems for things that you probably consider

00:20:15   legitimate. So again, I would caution you, if you aren't having an active, specific

00:20:21   known problem, don't do this.

00:20:23   A lot of the stuff is free through Cloudflare, but conceptually it's a nice business where

00:20:28   you sell the blocking and then you also sell the ability to not be blocked by the thing

00:20:32   that you sold the person that's blocking you.

00:20:34   Yeah, I think there's other words for that.

00:20:36   It does make sense though, because for types of services that you do actually want DDoS

00:20:41   protection, but it's just a difficulty to figure out what's good and what's bad. What

00:20:45   is a good bot? What is a bad bot? Like your example is perfect. In the case of podcasts,

00:20:49   people publishing podcasts want people to listen to them. That's the whole point of

00:20:52   publishing a podcast.

00:20:53   You would think.

00:20:54   And the point of podcasting in general is that there's not one podcast client. There

00:20:58   are many of them, right? And some of them have their own crawlers. Some of their listeners

00:21:03   are using Overcast or Apple Podcasts or whatever thing they're using. The bots that feed those

00:21:07   apps get blocked. You're cutting off your own audience, right? And it's not an easy

00:21:13   thing to resolve from a user's perspective. They're like, Oh, your feed doesn't load.

00:21:18   And so maybe if they go beyond that complaint, which is just like the hoster, like, I don't

00:21:23   know what you're saying. Our feed is fine. It works for everybody else. I don't know

00:21:25   what your problem is, right? Maybe the next level they go and complain to the developer

00:21:28   of the app, Hey, I'm using your app and I try to do this thing. Your feed doesn't load.

00:21:33   And if they're really technical, they go to the app developer and eventually the app developer

00:21:35   says, when we try to crawl that feed as per your request through the application, because

00:21:40   you've subscribed to it, we get blocked. And then maybe the podcast developer talks to

00:21:45   the person and says, why are you blocking us? We can't, you know, load your feed and

00:21:48   our client and blah, blah, blah. And then if you're really, really lucky to say, Oh,

00:21:53   it must be that thing that we pay for that blocks DDoS. And then you start the six month

00:21:56   thing that Marco went down, which is, you know, Hey, Cloudflare, can I be classified

00:22:01   as a good bot? That's what happens when you try to use best guess estimates, machine learning,

00:22:07   heuristic stuff like that, to try to implement a feature, uh, you know, between parties that

00:22:12   are adversarial because actual DDoS attacks are adversarial. They're trying to like take

00:22:16   down your site by hitting it with tons and tons of requests coming from all over the

00:22:20   world. Like that's what you're paying to get protected against. And that's a real thing.

00:22:23   And you do have to protect against it. And it's not easy and paying somebody is usually

00:22:26   how people do it, but people, you know, legitimate requests get caught up in that. And it's just,

00:22:32   it's a pain. The internet is not as straightforward and as simple as you would imagine it is.

00:22:38   It's really more like, you know, just, uh, I don't know, undersea ecosystem where you've

00:22:45   got sharks eating little fish and whales and crabs jumping out and biting things. Just

00:22:50   it's, it's, or maybe it's more like a jungle. I don't know, but it's, it's complicated.

00:22:53   It is a complicated ecosystem with all sorts of things doing all sorts of stuff at all times.

00:22:57   And we wish it were simpler, but it's not.

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00:25:01   The ongoing saga of Epic Games and Apple. A lot happened particularly on the 5th of

00:25:08   July. So at about 9 o'clock in the morning, on the 5th of July, or 9 o'clock I think ATP

00:25:12   time anyway, Epic accused Apple of delaying its iOS game store launch. So Epic had said

00:25:19   we are going to make our own game store for the EU. In theory, this should be allowed

00:25:24   under the terms of the DMA. And they said, "Hey, we've submitted and Apple's delaying

00:25:30   it." So reading from 9to5Mac, Epic Games has accused Apple of deliberately delaying its

00:25:33   attempt to launch its own iOS game store in Europe and has filed a further antitrust complaint

00:25:38   with the EU. Now reading from Epic's newsroom on Twitter, "Apple has rejected our Epic Games

00:25:43   store notarization submission twice now, claiming the design and position of Epic's install

00:25:47   button is too similar to Apple's get button and that our quote in-app purchases label

00:25:52   that's capital I lower A lower P is too similar to the app stores capital I capital A capital

00:25:58   P in-app purchases label. We are using the same install and in-app purchases naming conventions

00:26:03   that are used across popular app stores on multiple platforms and we are following standard

00:26:06   conventions for buttons and iOS apps. We're just trying to build a store that mobile users

00:26:10   can easily understand and the disclosure of in-app purchases is a regulatory best practice

00:26:14   followed by all stores nowadays. Apple's rejection is arbitrary, obstructive and in violation

00:26:20   of the DMA and we've shared our concerns with the European Commission." So that's part of

00:26:23   the problem of Apple being in this role of like, "Okay, so you can have third party stores

00:26:29   and you have to pay us for them. And also, by the way, you have to go through us to get

00:26:32   anything into the third party store." And that's the last one that makes Apple do things

00:26:37   that would never happen if third party app stores were truly independent. Like, let's

00:26:44   think of it this way, personal computers, you know, Apple sells them, other people sell

00:26:49   them, Apple has no control over approving other people's personal computers. So when

00:26:52   the iMac came out, and I forget what company is, but some company introduced a computer

00:26:57   that was made with translucent teal plastic right after the iMac came out. Apple had no

00:27:02   control over them doing that because Apple did not have approval, right of approval or

00:27:07   rejection on every single personal computer that was sold, because those are independent

00:27:11   companies. Apple was not like the funnel for everything. Presumably, Apple would have stopped

00:27:17   many computers from being shipped. But instead, what happens is the company shipped them.

00:27:21   But Apple does have mechanisms to stop that. They sued one of these companies for violating

00:27:26   Apple's trade dress. It's some part of the law that's like if a customer could reasonably

00:27:31   be confused to think that your thing is actually an iMac because they'd heard of an iMac or

00:27:35   whatever, and I think they won that suit, whatever. But anyway, that's when you have

00:27:40   actual independent parties in the market when there actually is independent competition.

00:27:44   It's not like Apple has to let people rip them off. There are ways that Apple can stop

00:27:48   things that are rip offs. If Apple thinks that this thing looks too much like their

00:27:52   app store, that people would be confused by it, that is a violation of their artwork,

00:27:56   copyright, trade dress, I don't know all of the things that might apply to it. There

00:28:02   are ways they can sue to stop that. But having them say, "Actually, we just looked at this

00:28:07   and we're not even going to allow the store to ship." That's not the way a healthy market

00:28:14   works. They wear one party, who's by the way, Epic's competitor for selling games on iPhones,

00:28:20   gets to decide ahead of time, "Yeah, no, I don't like that." They're Judge Dredd, right?

00:28:26   They are the law, like they're Judge, Jury, and Executioner. That's not due process. No

00:28:32   one wants their competitor being able to decide whether their thing is allowed to be available

00:28:38   to the public. So in a healthy market, Epic should ship this, and if it is a rip off,

00:28:44   Apple will sue them and Apple will win. That's a much better system.

00:28:49   So that was 9 in the morning. At about 5 in the afternoon/evening, Apple approved the

00:28:56   Epic Games Store for iPhone and iPad in the European Union. MacRumors reports, "Apple

00:29:01   Today said it has approved the third-party Epic Games Store in the European Union, allowing

00:29:05   the Fortnite developer to launch its alternative app marketplace in those countries," reports

00:29:08   Reuters. "It appears Apple has relented and approved Epic's previously rejected submission."

00:29:14   Tim Sweeney chimes in and says, "Apple is now telling reporters that this approval is

00:29:18   temporary, and they are demanding we change the buttons in the next version, which would

00:29:22   make our store less standard and harder to use."

00:29:25   It's like Epic complains to the EU. Apple says, "Okay, maybe we went too far. We'll

00:29:31   allow it to go through." But then supposedly saying, "We let it go through," but they still

00:29:35   have to change the buttons. They just have to change it in the next version. It's like

00:29:38   this is not a healthy relationship. Apple shouldn't be a decision maker in this process

00:29:43   of whether or not the Epic Games Store can be released. That really flies in the face

00:29:48   of what the DMA is supposed to be doing. Again, you don't want your competitor being able

00:29:53   to stop your competing product from launching for whatever reason they feel like, or to

00:29:56   say, "Okay, we'll let this one go through, but the next time you try to do an update,

00:29:59   you better have changed all those buttons." If the buttons, if it's really a rip-off,

00:30:02   sue them, and you'll win if it's a rip-off. If someone is confused and they go, "This

00:30:08   looks just like the App Store. It looks pixel for pixel. Let's put the exhibits in court,

00:30:13   and say, 'Look, they're tricking people into thinking their store is as trustworthy

00:30:15   as our store.'" Sue and win, but you can't preemptively reject stuff like this. It's

00:30:21   not an abuse of their power, and it's a power that arguably they shouldn't have.

00:30:25   Yeah, this is a bad idea. Apple should not be tarnishing what notarization means by basically

00:30:36   making it just like App Review. This both harms their notarization politics on their

00:30:42   other platforms, like the Mac that use it, and it will further alienate and freak out

00:30:47   Mac developers who rely on that for their entire businesses, and Mac users who rely

00:30:50   on notarized software that can't be in the App Store for their work. But also, it just

00:30:55   flies in the face of the EU rulings and clear intent of the DMA, and you know this is going

00:31:01   to just blow up in their face again and again and again. Why does Apple continue to provoke

00:31:08   more and more regulation? Again, what's the strategy here? First of all, this kind of

00:31:17   particular nitpick that they're doing here, who cares? That's number one. Who cares? It

00:31:22   doesn't affect them really at all. But number two, what's going to happen here? I'll tell

00:31:27   you what's going to happen. They're going to keep fighting the EU forever until the

00:31:30   EU basically says, "Alright, you know what? No, you can't even have notarization. You

00:31:35   cannot screen things at all, even for your alleged security and privacy reasons." That's

00:31:40   what's going to happen. And then, the iPhone as a platform gets worse. They're going to

00:31:44   lose their ability to even do security screening, because the regulators will never let this

00:31:49   stand. So again, like Apple, what are you doing? You are bringing on problems yourself

00:31:54   that will undermine your biggest and most important platform's future. This is not a

00:31:59   good strategy.

00:32:00   I think they're just judging that they can get away with it and that dragging their feet

00:32:04   is the best strategy, because the longer you delay it and the more you drag your feet,

00:32:08   the less harm you have from competitors. I don't think the EU will ever say you can't

00:32:13   do notarization at all. I think just, even the worst case scenario, the EU will say,

00:32:18   "We allowed this carve-out for security and whatever." That's all you're allowed to use

00:32:22   it for. So every time Apple does something that clearly has nothing to do with security,

00:32:26   like we think your buttons look too much like ours or whatever, the EU will forbid them

00:32:31   from doing that, fine them from doing it. I don't think the EU is going to get rid of

00:32:35   the carve-out, because the EU is not Apple. They're not going to punitively say—because

00:32:38   the EU also doesn't want the iPhone platform to be a free-for-all in Europe. That's why

00:32:43   they wrote the DMA this way. So I don't think there's any fear of that. But this definitely

00:32:50   doesn't make the relationship between the parties any better. I just think Apple's calculation

00:32:54   is we can afford to make them drag it out of us. We'll see how that goes if and when

00:32:59   fines actually appear and have to be paid. And of course, Apple is countersuing and using

00:33:03   whatever repeal process that is available in the EU. So as always, this will continue

00:33:07   to drag on and on. But right now, the outcome is not clear. But yeah, as we said, it would

00:33:15   be better if Apple figured out a solution that worked for everybody, but that's not

00:33:19   currently their strategy. A lot of times in lawsuits where the two parties are really—I

00:33:25   don't want to say the two parties really hate each other, but either way, the two parties,

00:33:28   neither one wants to give an inch. They both think the optimal strategy for them is to

00:33:33   give nothing, take everything, be as extreme as possible. Obviously, that's usually not

00:33:38   the way it goes down. Usually, one side is going to win, one side is going to lose, and

00:33:42   it's not always entirely one-sided in the judgment. But sometimes, both parties can

00:33:46   think the strategy is to be as extreme as possible. And from the outside, seeing that

00:33:50   strategy play out, it's like, "Why can't these people be reasonable? They're just making

00:33:53   it worse for themselves." But especially when lawyers are involved, sometimes they're like,

00:33:57   "Look, you've got to fight tooth and nail to get, in the end, an agreement that is somewhat

00:34:03   equitable because if you're reasonable now, the other party will take advantage of that."

00:34:07   I don't know if that's really true here. Apple definitely seems like they're doing that.

00:34:10   The EU, debatable. But yeah, this continues to grind on. And you keep mentioning notarization.

00:34:16   This is another instance where Apple has used the same word to describe two fairly different

00:34:21   things. So notarization has existed on the Mac for a long time, and as far as I'm aware,

00:34:27   notarization on the Mac does not involve humans at all. You submit an application, you get

00:34:30   a developer account, you get certificates, blah, blah, blah. You can submit your application

00:34:33   to a server that Apple runs that they will do whatever private API scanning or whatever

00:34:39   they do. It doesn't involve a human. A computer will just take your input, grind it up, and

00:34:43   if it passes some basic checks, spit it back to you and say, "Here you go. Notarized application."

00:34:47   No humans involved. No one's going to look at it and say, "Your buttons look too much

00:34:50   like the app stores." There's absolutely no human intervention. That is my understanding

00:34:54   of notarization on the Mac. And as someone who has notarized many, many Mac apps and

00:34:57   seen it come back pretty much immediately, I continue to think that there's no human

00:35:01   involved. But this, this is also called notarization, and people are getting things delayed for

00:35:06   months or weeks or months, and then get them rejected for things that obviously a human

00:35:10   had a hand in. Maybe even an executive had a hand in.

00:35:12   So...

00:35:13   Yeah. This is just app review.

00:35:14   It's like app review light.

00:35:16   Well, not only is it app review, this is like... So you've always kind of been able to feel

00:35:21   this as an app developer. There's a second level of app review that your app sometimes

00:35:26   gets kicked to for what appears to be some kind of like executive review. And so this

00:35:32   is like if something in your app is maybe on the edge of a rule or maybe controversial,

00:35:38   your app will be stuck "in review" for a long time. Like normally, the in review status

00:35:43   lasts less than one day. And you can kind of always tell if you're "in review" for more

00:35:48   than a day, chances are you get kicked up to the higher queue and somebody between the

00:35:54   reviewer and possibly up to Phil Schiller has to make a decision on that.

00:35:59   It seems like all of the alternative app store kind of things are getting that level of scrutiny.

00:36:06   Probably if I had to guess, I bet Phil Schiller is personally approving or denying each one

00:36:12   because there's going to be so few of them and they're going to be so important in terms

00:36:16   of PR and so there are going to be such big stories. I bet every single one of these is

00:36:22   Phil Schiller reviewed. And so you're going to get the Phil Schiller attitude. You're

00:36:27   going to get the harshness, the punitive rejections, you're going to get the personality, you're

00:36:33   going to get all that from these. So it's going to continue to be like, again, I think

00:36:38   this is the wrong approach. I really do. I think Apple should make this notarization

00:36:43   a lot more like the other notarization because if they continue not to, they're only going

00:36:49   to keep inviting regulators to take control away from them in ways that matter a lot like

00:36:55   actual security and privacy, which this is not that.

00:36:59   I think, Jon, you make a really good point about this being kind of two different kinds

00:37:03   of notarization and it's really too bad because Apple has done a really good job, to your

00:37:09   point earlier, of treating notarization as notarization. It literally just says, yes,

00:37:15   there's nothing that an automated system, or at least we think automated system, can

00:37:19   tell is bad about this. This seems to be good and worst case if it isn't, they can revoke

00:37:25   whatever thing they need to revoke to prevent machines from running that app anymore. And

00:37:31   Apple has been a really good steward of notarization on the Mac for years. Nobody's ever really

00:37:37   doubted it. Nobody's ever really, to my recollection, had this kind of drama with it. And here it

00:37:43   is, they said, okay, we're going to notarize third party apps for the EU app stores. And

00:37:48   everyone kind of shrugged and said, yeah, okay, I guess that makes sense. But none of

00:37:52   us, I don't think, or maybe you guys did and I just didn't realize it, but none of us really

00:37:57   thought that they were going to treat this, like you said, as app review light. And now

00:38:01   they're treating it as app review light. And I think that that very clearly flies in the

00:38:06   face of the DMA. It's kind of gross anyhow. And now they've kind of tarnished the sanctity

00:38:13   of, or they've sullied the good name of notarization. And so now the next time Apple says, oh, we're

00:38:19   going to start notarizing, you know, X, Y, and Z, my eyebrows going to go up and be like,

00:38:23   oh, what does that really mean? Yeah. Which notarization is this? Is it the Mac automated

00:38:27   notarization or the third party app store, uh, Phil Schiller review? I don't understand

00:38:34   why they keep kicking the hornet's nest. I don't get it. And I do know, and I've said

00:38:40   it many times, I haven't spoken, having spoken to many rank and file employees. Well, that

00:38:46   sounds like it's hundreds. I shouldn't say that, but I've spoken to enough rank and file

00:38:49   employees to know that a common understanding or, or perspective is that look, we did a

00:38:58   lot of hard work to make iOS, iPad, OS, TV, OS, vision, OS, et cetera, et cetera. And

00:39:05   we deserve to be compensated for that. We are owed for that. And the implication there

00:39:12   is by your, by our good graces, are you allowed to be there? Third party developers. And I

00:39:18   really think that that perspective is not only is it gross, but I, I, I think it's losing

00:39:26   sight of the fact that without those third party developers, and granted I am a very

00:39:31   biased participant in this conversation without these third party developers, there isn't

00:39:36   an iPhone or at least not the way it is today. And I don't think that Apple realizes that

00:39:41   while we are scratching their back or, and they're having to scratch ours too, like it's

00:39:47   both ways that, that analogy felt right down, but that's okay. You know what I'm driving

00:39:51   is, is, you know, it's, it's mutual, right? It's, it's symbiosis or whatever the biology

00:39:56   term for it is. Erin will correct me, but, um, it's, it's symbiotic and I don't think

00:40:02   Apple appreciates that. I don't think Apple realizes that. And if they do realize it,

00:40:05   they don't frigging care. They are owed, they are owed all of this money. They are owed

00:40:11   this control because it's, it's all because of us, you know, all because of Apple that

00:40:16   you guys can have call sheet and overcast and all of these other apps and you should

00:40:21   be thankful that we allow you on our platforms and it's on the surface. Like, I guess if

00:40:27   that's the attitude you want to have fine, but you know, they around and now we're finding

00:40:32   out with vision pro, right? Cause nobody's touching it. I mean, I have an app on there,

00:40:37   but nobody's really touching it. And this is, I really think this is part of the reason

00:40:41   why. And if you want to hear more about it, listen to what was it last week's overtime.

00:40:45   Um, yeah, cause we had thoughts, but it's just, it really is too bad that this thing

00:40:49   that, okay, well they're going to notarize and well we know from the past that's, that's

00:40:53   okay. We're okay with that. And now, well, are we okay with that? Which notarization

00:40:57   is it? Who knows? It's just, it's a bummer. It's such an own goal is I guess what I'm

00:41:01   saying. And it just bums me out. That's a too, cause like, I mean, look, we've had this

00:41:06   discussion so many times on the show cause they keep messing it up. But uh, you know,

00:41:10   people will say like, well of course they, they should be able to monetize. And again,

00:41:13   that, if you look at the history of capitalism, we make exceptions to that all the time once

00:41:19   it becomes fairly damaging to a market not to. Um, so that, that you can set aside. You

00:41:25   can also say, well what incentive does Apple have to, you know, make their platforms if

00:41:29   they can't make money on them? And you know, in case you covered that well, like there's

00:41:33   other value to apps being on their platform besides being able to extract money from the

00:41:38   apps. This is just gravy. You can, you can try to make the pure capitalist arguments.

00:41:43   You can try to say, well of course they should be able to make as much money as they can.

00:41:46   Why should we, you know, you can make all those, even if you accept those arguments,

00:41:51   which you shouldn't because most of them have giant holes in them or are invalid for lots

00:41:54   of other reasons. But even if you would let those arguments pass, it's a bad strategy

00:41:58   long term for Apple as a company and, and for the quality and health of their products

00:42:02   and ecosystem because they depend on developers making software for their platforms for the

00:42:10   platforms to succeed. Obviously very true when you look at their less successful platforms

00:42:15   in terms of third party support. Uh, like VisionOS is obviously like the big headlining

00:42:19   one right now. There's no apps for it. Uh, and there's lots of reasons for that. But

00:42:22   even if you look at things like the iPad, like how many big companies have made their

00:42:26   iPad apps great, uh, or even are there at all. That's been a problem for the iPad since

00:42:30   day one. Uh, and, and even now when the iPad has lots of apps, a lot of times their companies

00:42:34   drive their feet on them. When we think about the way the iPhone and the app store came

00:42:39   up, it was a lot of Indies like us making apps for it. Today it's a very different world.

00:42:48   So you could maybe make some argument back then that Apple created this market and it

00:42:53   helped Indies like me succeed. That is largely and largely true. There's some asterisks on,

00:42:59   on that, but for the most part that is largely true. There was a lot of merit to that argument

00:43:03   and I've personally been one of those people. I've benefited from that because I have had

00:43:09   my apps in the app store since day two or whatever and it's been great. It has been

00:43:13   my career. It's wonderful. Okay. Uh, however, this is a different world today. Today. Most

00:43:20   indie developers don't exist anymore. Uh, today what most people want in software for

00:43:27   these platforms is made by big companies. So you launched them like the vision pro.

00:43:33   Not only are there no indie developers there effectively for lots of reasons that we've

00:43:37   talked about. Basically nobody can afford them and there's no users so they can't afford

00:43:41   to buy them and then once they're there, they can't make any money there. That's okay. But

00:43:46   what people, what users of the vision pro mostly want is for larger companies and larger

00:43:52   content producers to adopt it and bring their stuff there because that's what, you know,

00:43:56   we want to do things like, you know, watch the youtube app. You know, I know of Christian

00:44:00   Felix app and that's wonderful, but like that's what most people are looking for is they're

00:44:03   looking for things like Netflix, HBO, youtube, like, you know, they're looking for the big

00:44:07   players when, you know, for something like an app platform, they're going to look for

00:44:11   things from Microsoft and Adobe and Google. Like they're going to look for things from

00:44:14   the big companies. If you think apple has soured relations with the small developers,

00:44:21   you should ask some big companies what they think of apple and their developer platforms.

00:44:25   Um, the relationship, you know, apple has poisoned the well so much that their platforms

00:44:31   are suffering. Like look at how much money they have poured into the vision pro. So much

00:44:38   time, so much engineering resource into this platform. It's going to probably fail that

00:44:44   in ways that there's multi, multivariate reasons why this problem, why the platform is not

00:44:48   doing great. But a big one is the lack of content and apps on it. Whatever they're doing

00:44:54   is not working enough to make this new platform succeed. Again, look at all their platforms

00:44:59   that don't have the iphone's customer base. They all have similar problems. So this isn't

00:45:05   just about apple, you know, being their right to take their 30% or enforce their very, very

00:45:11   strict rules. It isn't just about that. It's literally that their products are being held

00:45:15   back where they make way more money than the app store. Their products are being held back

00:45:20   by their app store policies. This is not just us saying we should have more money and apple

00:45:26   should have less. It is literally this is probably the wrong strategy for apple overall.

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00:47:37   Tech and labor. So this is something that we've kind of had bubbling around in our internal

00:47:39   show notes for a while and it seems like there's a bunch of different storylines that are all

00:47:45   kind of intermingled and interleaved together. So we'll start with in April in the United

00:47:53   States, the FTC, the Federal Trade Commission, banned non-compete agreements for workers.

00:47:58   So reading from Washington Post, the Federal Trade Commission on Tuesday, April 23rd, banned

00:48:03   non-compete agreements for most US workers with a new rule that will bar employers from

00:48:08   enforcing clauses that restrict workers from switching employers within their industry,

00:48:12   which the agency said suppresses wages and gums up labor markets. The FTC voted three

00:48:17   to two Tuesday to issue the rule it proposed more than a year ago. The new rule makes it

00:48:22   illegal for employers to include the agreements in employment contracts and requires companies

00:48:27   with active non-compete agreements to inform workers that they are void. The agency received

00:48:32   more than 26,000 comments about the rule after it was proposed some 16 months ago. The rule

00:48:37   will take effect after 120 days, although business groups have promised to challenge

00:48:40   it in court, which could delay implementation.

00:48:43   I wonder how pervasive non-competes are. When I started in the industry after graduating

00:48:48   college in the 90s, they were standard. I don't think the first two, three, maybe even

00:48:56   four jobs I had all had non-competes. Maybe that was common now, but I don't remember

00:49:03   what I thought of them back then. I mean, I thought they were pretty terrible, but I'm

00:49:06   like, "Well, I guess this is just the way things are done. This is my first real job.

00:49:09   I don't really know how things go." But yeah, for people in other countries who just don't

00:49:14   know what we're talking about here, if you worked, for example, for a video game developer,

00:49:19   your non-competes are common video games, but just as an example, your non-compete would

00:49:23   say, "Okay, well, you can quit this job whenever you want. You're not a prisoner here, but

00:49:29   if you quit, you can't get a job with another video game developer for two years." And if

00:49:35   that sounds totally bonkers to you, that's the reaction you should have. It's like, "Well,

00:49:40   wait a second. I'm a video game developer. If I quit this job, presumably, I would want

00:49:45   to go work for a different video game developer, and you're telling me, 'Oh, you can quit.'

00:49:49   You just have to get a job doing something other than video game development." And that

00:49:55   was across all industries. Sometimes it would be narrow, like you can't work for these specific

00:49:59   competitors, you can't do this specific thing or whatever, but as an employee, it was like,

00:50:03   "Well, I do want a job, and this does seem like a good job, and they're going to pay

00:50:06   me a lot of money, and I'm going to get this, that, and the other thing, and I like this

00:50:09   company." And when you're taking the job, you're like, "I don't have to worry about

00:50:12   quitting or whatever." But then three years later, you decide you want to quit and go

00:50:17   work somewhere else, and you're like, "Oh, now I can't go work for any of the three companies

00:50:21   that I wanted to go work for instead of this one. What am I going to do?" So this article

00:50:27   saying that it gums up the labor market, yeah, that's putting it mildly. Suppresses wages

00:50:34   and gums up the labor market. Suppresses wages because if a competitor, if you're working

00:50:38   for one company, and you're going to work for a competitor because they're going to

00:50:41   pay you more money, you're like, "Oh, I'll go work over there. They're offering me more

00:50:43   money. I'm good at my job. I did a good job on the last product that my company makes.

00:50:48   They know I worked on that product, and I applied for a job over there, and they said,

00:50:52   "Hey, we'll give you more money." And so you go where you can make more money. That's a

00:50:56   competitive market for labor. The more in demand you are, the more in demand your skills

00:51:01   are, the better you are at your job, the more you can get paid. Oh, but if there's a non-compete,

00:51:06   if you quit your job today, you can't apply for a new job at us for two years according

00:51:09   to this non-compete that you got. So it's terrible. It's terrible for employees. This

00:51:14   big major topic here is tech and labor. And even though people who work in the tech industry

00:51:19   don't like to think of themselves as labor and tend to resist the idea of unions and

00:51:22   stuff, we are workers just like anybody else. We do not own or run the company. Sometimes

00:51:28   we get equity in them, depending. But if you're working for a salary, part of your power,

00:51:36   your meager amount of power you have in the market is that if someone wants to pay you

00:51:40   more for your skills and your labor, you should be able to go over there and do that. And

00:51:43   non-competes fly in the face of that. So they are super duper evil, and I came to hate them

00:51:48   more and more as I worked in the industry. And in my limited experience, they did become

00:51:52   less pervasive. I don't know why. Maybe it's because people stopped taking jobs. They said

00:51:57   people would turn down jobs because they had a non-compete or whatever, and they could

00:52:00   find one that didn't have one. But anyway, they seemed less pervasive to me in my experience.

00:52:06   And the FTC banning them is long, long, long overdue. They're banned in many specific states.

00:52:11   I think California has had them banned for a while. But a federal ban makes a huge amount

00:52:16   of sense. This gives way too much power. Non-competes give way too much power to employers. The

00:52:22   ability to quit one job and go get a better job, that is a power that employees should

00:52:26   have. No argument here. I completely agree. So put that aside for a second. We're going

00:52:30   to come back to it. Meanwhile, also in April, inside TSMC's expansion struggles in Arizona,

00:52:38   this is a post that Gruber put up, which is commenting on a post from restofworld.org.

00:52:45   We will link to both. "Vilo Show reporting for the rest of world on TSMC's massive but

00:52:50   now much delayed chip fabrication campus outside Phoenix." So from restofworld, "The American

00:52:55   engineers complained of rigid counterproductive hierarchies at the company. Taiwanese TSMC

00:53:00   veterans describe their American counterparts as lacking the kind of dedication and obedience

00:53:04   that they believe to be the foundation of their company's world leading success. TSMC's

00:53:09   work culture is notoriously rigorous, even by Taiwanese standards. Former executives

00:53:14   have hailed the Confucian culture, which promotes diligence and respect for authority, as well

00:53:19   as Taiwan's strict work ethic as key to the company's success. Chang, speaking last year

00:53:26   about Taiwan's competitiveness compared to the US, said that, quote, "If a machine breaks

00:53:32   down at one in the morning, in the US it will be fixed in the next morning, but in Taiwan

00:53:35   it will be fixed at 2 a.m." And, he added, the wife of a Taiwanese engineer would "go

00:53:40   back to sleep without saying another word." To which Gruber very astutely points out,

00:53:44   "Even the use of wife rather than spouse speaks to the culture clash."

00:53:48   Yeah, this is, so I just mentioned how people in the rest of the world with stronger labor

00:53:53   laws would be shocked about the idea of non-competes. Here's another culture clash this time in

00:53:58   the other direction. There are many markets in the world where labor has even less rights

00:54:04   and stricter expectations than in America. So the kind of work culture where loyalty

00:54:12   to your business is above even your own family, it's above your own health, certainly, it's

00:54:17   above your own everything. It's like the company is everything, strict hierarchies, whatever

00:54:22   your boss says goes. That flies in the face of American culture in many ways, but also

00:54:28   it flies in the face of a lot of American labor laws and basic American values. And

00:54:34   having worked with people, engineers even, just doing the same job as me in other countries,

00:54:39   I can tell you that some countries pride themselves on the same as Taiwanese pride themselves

00:54:43   on the idea of our employees work late and they'll stay until the job gets done and they'll

00:54:49   do all this sort of self-sacrifice to do whatever it takes to make the company successful. And

00:54:57   the first time someone said this to me in a casual environment, someone from another

00:55:01   country at work, I was like, "That's not something to be proud of." I know it sounds like it

00:55:07   is, it sounds like you're doing a great job or whatever and for limited amounts of time

00:55:11   that can be true, but at this point, it's not an open question that driving your employees

00:55:21   to the point of burnout is obviously bad for the people involved, but also counterproductive

00:55:25   to the organization. People who are working longer and longer hours, the work they're

00:55:31   doing in hour 14 costs you money. It's negative money because they're doing such a bad job

00:55:36   because they're burnt out because they've been working for 14 hours straight. The company

00:55:40   would do better if it let them go home after an eight-hour shift and sleep and come back

00:55:44   rested the next day, especially in programming and that type of work. But a lot of countries

00:55:49   don't think that way and their culture is about, it's all talking about all the other

00:55:53   counter anti-patterns of being blindly loyal to a strict hierarchy and doing whatever your

00:55:59   bosses say. You need people at all levels of an organization to not blindly obey what

00:56:08   they're told to do, but to have minds of their own and to stand up when they're told to do

00:56:11   something that's bad or wrong or a safety hazard or whatever. Workers should stand up

00:56:15   for their rights to have a life and to be healthy. That is similar to Marco's point

00:56:21   before. In the end, that is better for the organization too. You're taking stuff away

00:56:26   from the company. The company would do better if all their employees work 14-hour days.

00:56:29   The company wouldn't do better. That's the thing. The company believes that they should

00:56:32   drive employees to work. If there's anything wrong, you got to jump out of bed and do it

00:56:36   and we don't care how you destroy your life and a company comes to a family. That's not

00:56:41   better for the company in the long run. Whether or not American companies actually realize

00:56:47   that or whether existing American laws constrain them from doing things, because it's questionable.

00:56:53   Depending on the company you work for, you may feel like the only thing stopping my company

00:56:58   from being exactly like this are laws. Even those, they break as much as they possibly

00:57:02   can. That's true. By the way, it's more true of lower paid jobs, believe it or not. Relatively

00:57:10   speaking, if you're a tech employee in America, you are treated the nicest of any employee

00:57:16   in any industry in America because you get paid the most money and you actually do get

00:57:20   vacation days and there is some acknowledgment of burnout. Still, as someone in the game

00:57:25   development industry, and still, even those tech jobs, people are exploited. People are

00:57:29   ground up and spit out. It just gets worse and worse as you go down the line to people

00:57:34   working just hourly wage jobs that are not big fancy tech jobs. They get treated even

00:57:41   worse. That's why, well, it's not why, but one of the reasons that you see more willingness

00:57:46   to unionize in industries that get paid less is because tech employees are like, "Oh, we

00:57:53   get paid so much money. We don't need a union. We're doing fine," or whatever. This culture

00:57:58   clash really highlights just the lack of agreement across the world and across cultures about

00:58:03   what a healthy working relationship looks like. The TSMC CEO saying, "This is why we're

00:58:10   ahead of you, America." There's lots of reasons why other countries are ahead of us in various

00:58:14   industries. I don't think one of them is that their employees are willing to work longer

00:58:20   hours. They have a better educated workforce. They have a better government system with

00:58:28   better support, better education, better healthcare. There's all sorts of government reasons why

00:58:35   they may be doing better in a certain area, cheaper labor, so on and so forth. The willingness

00:58:40   to work hard is really not one of them. I think America is closer to a reasonable balance

00:58:46   of productivity and hours worked than a culture like the one described here in Taiwan, which

00:58:52   I don't know if this is pervasive culture or just TSMC or whatever. Even in America,

00:58:57   whenever you look at the big studies, Americans work longer and harder than other countries

00:59:01   and get less vacation days. Then people say, "That's why we have higher productivity in

00:59:05   America because we work longer and harder." It's like, "That's probably why we have more

00:59:08   burnout. I'm not sure why it's how we get more productivity." Anyway, of all the things

00:59:14   that are delaying and messing with this TSMC thing in Arizona, I'm kind of not surprised

00:59:20   that one of them is the culture clash about engineering practices and work-life balance.

00:59:27   I don't know if you guys remember this, but back in the '80s, there was a movie, Gung

00:59:30   Ho. Back when the Japanese were going to take over America, there was a movie, I think it

00:59:34   was Michael Keaton, where a Japanese car company came to build a factory in America and they

00:59:39   had to deal with all the lazy, shiftless American workers who didn't know what they were doing.

00:59:42   In the end, the Americans showed that they're good workers too. It's a rah-rah, completely

00:59:46   racist '80s movie about fear of Japanese people.

00:59:49   I was going to say, were Keaton even alive yet for this?

00:59:51   Maybe not. But anyway, that was the big fear. Japan, they do everything efficiently. All

00:59:56   their workers are hardworking and diligent. They do exactly what they're told and so on

00:59:59   and so forth. It's just so much more complicated than that. Anyway, on this specific issue

01:00:05   of employees staying late and working long hours and sacrificing their family for their

01:00:11   job, that's not healthy and it's not something we should endorse.

01:00:15   No, definitely not. All right, so continuing on, "U.S.-made chips will cost Apple more

01:00:21   despite government subsidies," also from April. This is 9 to 5 Mac. "Apple was pledged by

01:00:26   at least some of its chips from TSMC's upcoming plants in Arizona. There had initially been

01:00:31   doubts about whether this was much more of a PR move since the chip element seemed likely

01:00:35   to have to be sent back to Taiwan for what's known as packaging or a final assembly. One

01:00:40   analyst said this made the Arizona plant 'a paperweight.' However, Apple later said it

01:00:46   would use another U.S. company, Amcor, to do the chip packaging. Producing chips in the

01:00:49   U.S. carries higher costs than doing it in Taiwan. Those subsidies were recently confirmed

01:00:54   as totaling $6.6 billion in grants across three plants and a further $5 billion in loans.

01:01:01   Then according to the Financial Times, TSMC plans to charge customers more for making

01:01:05   their chips outside of Taiwan as global capacity expansion, power costs, and increasingly complex

01:01:11   cutting-edge technologies weigh on its profitability. "If a customer requests to be in a certain

01:01:16   geographical area, then the customer needs to share the incremental costs," said C.C.

01:01:20   Wei, chief executive of the world's largest chip manufacturer, to investors on Thursday

01:01:23   during the company's first-quarter earnings call. Again, "In today's fragmented globalization

01:01:28   environment, costs will be higher for everyone, including TSMC, our customers, and our competitors,"

01:01:32   Wei said, adding that discussions with customers about price increases had started.

01:01:37   Yeah, so it's good that Apple is trying to get more things manufactured in the U.S.,

01:01:42   as happened with Mac Pro, the trashcan Mac Pro, I believe even this one too, I forget.

01:01:47   Building stuff in the U.S. tends to be more expensive. The cost of living is more expensive.

01:01:50   The cost of labor is more expensive because you have to pay those people so they can afford

01:01:53   to live here than it is in some other countries. And TSMC is passing that cost on to the customer.

01:01:59   So if some customer, meaning like Apple, not like an individual, if some customer or TSMC

01:02:03   says, "Hey, we want to buy chips from you, we'd like them to be manufactured in the U.S.,

01:02:07   please," they'll say, "Great, that'll be X amount extra because it costs us more to manufacture

01:02:11   them there." Strategically speaking, it is a good idea for Apple to have multiple geographic

01:02:19   sources for its chips. Now, having TSMC make them in Taiwan and TSMC make them in the U.S.

01:02:25   is not as good as having two different companies, but you take what you can get. And Taiwan,

01:02:29   there's potential geopolitical instability over there, so having a backup plan is good.

01:02:37   And honestly, yes, it's going to cost more, and I think Apple should pay more. Again,

01:02:43   usually on things like phones and Macs and stuff, the chip is not the most expensive

01:02:46   component. It's usually the screen. Pay, as long as it's not twice or three times the

01:02:52   price or whatever, pay a little extra. Pass some of that cost on to the customer. Advertise

01:02:56   the fact that more and more of your components are made in the U.S. I'm not sure how much

01:02:59   of a selling point that is, but Apple has been touting for years and years how much

01:03:03   of their devices are recycled, and they keep increasing that, and I applaud that effort.

01:03:08   I also don't know how much customers care about that, but whether customers care or

01:03:13   not, Apple continues to travel that road to reduce their packaging, to use more recycled

01:03:18   materials, to try for that carbon neutral 2030 goal. I think those are all things they

01:03:23   should be doing, and not just out of a sense of nobility, but just because if they achieve

01:03:28   them, they'll be so far ahead of their competition in these areas, because everyone will have

01:03:32   to do this stuff eventually, and if Apple does it first voluntarily, yeah, it's kind

01:03:36   of an analogy for the regulations. If Apple does it first voluntarily and does a good

01:03:40   job of it, they will be ahead of their competitors. And I think it's the same as true of paying

01:03:46   to build up U.S. manufacturing products. Apple put billions of dollars into manufacturing

01:03:52   in China to help pay for all that, to help subsidize the plants and the machines that

01:03:57   are in them to build all their fancy computers and help train all the employees and so on

01:04:01   and so forth. Obviously there was a much bigger industry there already before Apple, but Apple

01:04:05   did put a lot of money into that. Apple should be dedicated to putting in even more money

01:04:11   in factories and all the surrounding infrastructure to do that stuff in America. That means paying

01:04:17   to educate the workers, paying to build the housing that's going to, I'm not saying

01:04:22   like have a company store or whatever, but through the means that we have in this country,

01:04:26   through government subsidies, through Apple, paying higher prices for products, that's

01:04:31   the way Apple would do this. It's not like Apple's going to build everybody houses

01:04:33   and stuff. What they're going to do is they're going to pay X dollars more per chip, and

01:04:37   that's going to allow these factories to exist and be profitable as opposed to Apple

01:04:42   saying no, we demand the lowest possible prices so we're not going to buy a single thing

01:04:45   from Arizona, we're going to buy it all from Taiwan. It's not going to be easy, it's

01:04:51   going to be expensive, it's going to take a really long time, and in the end it's

01:04:54   still just TSMC instead of an actual American company like Intel, and Intel by the way did

01:04:58   also get its own billions of dollars in subsidies, but I feel like this is the road Apple should

01:05:02   be traveling down, and US labor is a big factor in this because the path to success here is

01:05:10   not, you know what, US employees should also sacrifice their health and family life for

01:05:15   our employers. It's the only way we can compete. That's not the way to do this. That's

01:05:20   not the way to win, that's not the correct move here, and in the end Taiwan will also

01:05:25   have to grow out of that as well if and when they travel the same path we have.

01:05:28   All right, and then moving on, and we said we would come back to this, just a few days

01:05:33   ago on the 5th of July, a judge has said that the FTC lacks the authority to issue rules

01:05:39   banning non-compete agreements. So reading from Ars Technica, a US judge ruled against

01:05:43   the FTC in a challenge to its rule banning non-compete agreements saying the FTC lacks

01:05:47   substantive, substantive, there we go, you can just leave it in, who cares, rulemaking

01:05:55   authority. The preliminary ruling only blocks enforcement of the non-compete ban against

01:06:00   the plaintiff and other groups that intervened in the case. But it signals that the judge

01:06:04   believes the FTC cannot enforce the rule. The case is in US District Court for Northern

01:06:09   District of Texas, so appeals would be heard in the US Court of Appeals for the 5th District,

01:06:14   which is generally regarded as one of the most conservative appeals courts in the country.

01:06:18   Womp womp.

01:06:19   It's an ongoing problem in this country where, you know, one of the major parties and all

01:06:27   of the people in power who support that major party believe that the government shouldn't

01:06:32   be allowed to do things that they don't like, and one of those is restraining companies

01:06:35   in any way. And so of course, of course, there's going to be a judge and a bunch of plaintiffs

01:06:39   who are going to say, "Non-compete? That's not fair. We should be able to stop employees

01:06:44   from getting another job in the industry for as long as we want. If they don't like it,

01:06:46   they can just choose not to take this job. There's nothing wrong with this system. Please

01:06:50   don't try to give any power to employees. We're going to claw that back by saying the

01:06:53   FTC lacks the authority to do that. In fact, all government agencies lack all authority

01:06:57   to do anything, and they shouldn't be allowed to do anything. Companies should be allowed

01:07:00   to do whatever they want, and there's no problem with this system." It's so exhausting.

01:07:05   It is so very exhausting. It stinks, but what are you going to do? I mean, you just do the

01:07:10   best you can, I suppose.

01:07:11   I mean, they would say, "Oh, let the states do it. California did it," or whatever. "We

01:07:14   just don't want a national one." "Yeah, we think it's good. It's great. You want that?

01:07:17   Go move to California." No tech company has ever succeeded there. Obviously, these laws

01:07:21   are going to strangle the economy.

01:07:26   Let's do a little Ask ATP. Traeger writes, "With the announcement of Apple migrating

01:07:30   their password functions into a standalone app, adopting passkeys is getting more interesting,

01:07:35   and I'm starting to consider moving away from my password manager of choice. I've always

01:07:39   been hesitant to do so in the past because I figured that an OS-native password manager

01:07:42   would be a more likely target for getting hacked. Is this irrational, or do you think

01:07:47   there might be a case for third-party managers being more secure?"

01:07:52   There absolutely is a case for this. This is one of the strongest arguments at this

01:07:55   point for third-party managers, now that Apple's adding more and more features to their own

01:07:59   password manager. It's built in. It's well supported. The Apple ones have shared groups

01:08:04   now.

01:08:05   The number of things that third-party ones do that Apple doesn't do is getting smaller

01:08:08   by the day. One thing they do have going for them is that if your Apple ID gets compromised,

01:08:13   for example, and you don't have your third-party password manager, like Master Password, in

01:08:18   your iCloud keychain, they can't get at all your other password things. Obviously, if

01:08:22   they've cracked your Apple ID and you use that email address, then they can use your

01:08:25   password reset things or whatever.

01:08:27   It is still one more layer of protection. Lots of stuff in security is how many different

01:08:31   layers of protection can you add. By tying your password manager to your Apple ID to

01:08:38   the one big ball of stuff, if that ball gets cracked, that's just one layer. I know within

01:08:45   Apple stuff there are additional layers, but a third-party password manager does add an

01:08:49   additional layer. Third-party password managers don't have as nice integration as Apple's

01:08:54   stuff tends to have.

01:08:57   Third-party password managers can get compromised. You hear the stories all the time. I can't

01:09:00   even remember the name of the company that said I don't want to throw them out there,

01:09:02   but a bunch of third-party password managers that I recognize in the past several years

01:09:06   I've seen stories that, "Oh, they got hacked, and all their stuff might be compromised,

01:09:10   and sorry about that, and that's really bad. Apple is a bigger company and has had better

01:09:16   luck defending iCloud keychain, but maybe their day is going to come eventually."

01:09:21   This is the difficulty of making security decisions. When I recommend what people should

01:09:25   do, I usually try to pick the pass of least resistance, which is not to use a third-party

01:09:29   one, because they're much more likely to have problems dealing with a piece of third-party

01:09:35   software than they are to get hacked by somebody because everything was all in one place. But

01:09:42   for people listening to the show and tech nerds or people who have higher security needs,

01:09:46   using things from multiple vendors that are truly separated from each other does add an

01:09:51   extra level of security. And like I said, that's one of the strongest remaining reasons

01:09:55   to use a third-party password manager is if you feel like you need or want that additional

01:09:59   level of security, and you can deal with the downsides.

01:10:03   All right, Jamie writes, "With so many flops and mistakes, the reputation of AI is arguably

01:10:08   going the way of crypto. Do you envisage WWDC changing this course with Apple's input, or

01:10:12   do you think they're frantically scaling back the emphasis they put on the words AI in their

01:10:17   presentations and perhaps returning to machine learning to avoid being lumped together with

01:10:21   all the failures of other tech companies?" I believe this was sent in before WWDC.

01:10:25   Yes, it was. Sorry. This is an old Ask ATP, but I thought it'd be fun to read now. They

01:10:30   didn't do that, Jamie. I mean, it's a little bit unfair for us to

01:10:35   answer the question after we know the answer. Yeah. This was a reasonable thing to think

01:10:40   about because if you're only hearing the bad stories about AI, you might think, "Geez,

01:10:47   are the negatives outweighing the positives?" But Apple's judgment, and I think the judgment

01:10:51   of everyone in the industry was like, "No, Apple needs to have an AI story. Yes, there

01:10:55   are bad things and downsides, but if Apple didn't say anything or shied away from the

01:11:02   letters A and I and instead said machine learning or tried to separate themselves in a way that

01:11:07   was sort of like, "Oh, everyone else is doing AI, but we're not," that would have been bad

01:11:13   for Apple. It would have been an example of Apple not correctly having their finger on

01:11:19   the pulse of the industry, and in the end, Apple did not do that. I think the comparison

01:11:23   to crypto is unfair because AI already does useful things and crypto does such a small

01:11:29   number of useful things that are the most useful for applications that people don't

01:11:37   want to encourage, like illegal activity. It's not a fair comparison. AI has already

01:11:42   shown that it does a bunch of useful things. It's just a question of what is the best way

01:11:46   to use it and where should it be applied and how can we make it better?

01:11:50   Honestly, I think Apple's answer to WWC was pretty good. We talked about this on the WWDC

01:11:55   show. Apple did have a different angle on it. They are leveraging their strengths. They

01:12:00   are trying to maintain their values while implementing AI, but they are not shying away

01:12:04   from the term and they are trying to get as much value out of it for the customer as possible

01:12:08   while still maintaining privacy.

01:12:10   Yeah, and I think also, keep in mind what Apple did here with their marketing was they

01:12:15   are not directly calling it AI, they are calling it Apple Intelligence, which is interesting

01:12:21   for lots of reasons, but I think one area that will be interesting to see how this plays

01:12:25   out over time is by calling it Apple Intelligence, it better work. Because imagine how bad that

01:12:35   looks if "Apple Intelligence" gets a bad reputation of not being reliable or not being

01:12:42   good. Imagine if Siri was called "Apple Intelligence" all these years. It would have a pretty bad

01:12:46   reputation. So I think naming it that is both pretty good marketing, but also that's a bold

01:12:53   stance to take. That sets the bar high and that puts a lot of pressure on them to make

01:13:01   sure it's really good and really reliable and really stable and really gives decent

01:13:06   answers to things or performs well. They have set the bar very high by putting their name

01:13:12   so prominently on it. So I hope it works for them, I hope it plays out. Time will tell.

01:13:18   Well, they did call the device "Apple TV" and for many, many years it did not live up

01:13:22   to the Apple name, but eventually it got okay. So I don't know, it's the old joke, the example

01:13:29   of an oxymoron is military intelligence. Hopefully Apple Intelligence is not the punchline to

01:13:33   that same joke.

01:13:34   Sure hope not.

01:13:37   And then John Wilson writes, "You rightly said that the Windows recall database is a

01:13:41   valuable trove of information that can be accessed by the user and so could be vulnerable

01:13:45   to exploitation. It would be disastrous if some bad actor gained access to it, but don't

01:13:50   you all have the same arguments or don't all the same arguments apply to other things like

01:13:54   iCloud Keychain? I mean, yes in that it's a treasure trove, but no in that it's not

01:13:59   stored in plain text, right?"

01:14:01   Yeah, to be fair, recall was stored in plain text and then they fixed that. But yeah, having

01:14:09   — this kind of links up well to the first question — having all your important stuff

01:14:13   in one place is great for convenience and it also allows for you to pick for that one

01:14:19   place the most secure one place. Part of the reason iCloud Keychain exists is because Apple

01:14:24   also values making one big secure thing and making sure it's implemented right and securely.

01:14:31   Instead of having a bunch of little things of variable levels of security, if you need

01:14:36   some secret to be stored somewhere, put it in iCloud Keychain. It's accessible to applications,

01:14:41   you can use it in a browser, it's used everywhere. In cloud parlance, it's called a secret store.

01:14:48   There are whole companies that have businesses making secret stores for you. Put all your

01:14:53   eggs in one basket and watch that basket. That's the strategy here. But it also means

01:14:59   that if iCloud Keychain gets hacked or there's some flaw or whatever and someone gets access

01:15:03   to the stuff, they get everything. That's true of a lot of stuff. That's usually true

01:15:06   of our email addresses. We've said this a million times. If someone has access to your

01:15:09   email account, which is probably not that secure because your email password maybe isn't

01:15:13   that great, they can just use the forgot password links on most of the websites and reset all

01:15:17   of your passwords. Some sites will be more secure than that, but it's not going to be

01:15:21   stuff like your bank. It's going to be like some shoe store that requires two-factor authentication

01:15:25   and wants to have someone give you a call and show a picture of yourself and scan your

01:15:29   photo ID or whatever. But your bank will be like, "Fine, yeah, you're in." Security is

01:15:34   difficult. But the recall database was egregious because all the stuff that went into iCloud

01:15:38   Keychain end-to-end encrypted. Even Apple can't get access to it using things in the

01:15:42   secure enclave. So even if you have access to RAM, you can't read this information because

01:15:46   this is in the secure enclave, which is not accessible to regular programs from RAM. Apple

01:15:50   has worked really hard to make iCloud Keychain as secure as possible from the world and even

01:15:55   from itself. Windows recall database that it was not true of and remains not true of.

01:16:00   So yeah, that's part of the trade-offs of security. We always talk about the convenience

01:16:05   and security trade-off. The other trade-off is should I have one really secure place that

01:16:10   I put all my energy into making sure that's secure or should I have a bunch of little

01:16:13   individual places? And I think the one really secure place, despite the concentration of

01:16:17   data, is the better strategy because it's so hard to make something secure. Even a company

01:16:22   the size of Apple does well to essentially make a secret store and have a dedicated team

01:16:28   whose only job is to make sure that is the best secret store in the world. As opposed

01:16:31   to letting like, oh the mail team will come up with its secret store and the notes team

01:16:34   will come up with its secret store and the Safari team will come up with its secret store,

01:16:37   which maybe it's the best one in the company. But like, have a single place and put the

01:16:43   team on that because having a bunch of little ones is just going to mean you're going to

01:16:46   be exploited more easily in multiple places rather than making one place that's really

01:16:51   secure. That's my opinion now. If iClogCheatChains gets 100% broken and my life gets destroyed,

01:16:57   I mean it still would have been my opinion, but I think the odds are lower that that happened

01:17:01   with iClogCheatChains. Certainly they're lower than with the Windows Recall database.

01:17:04   All right, let's do a little more Ask ATP. And Steven Wood writes, "Is Apple still a

01:17:10   privacy first company? We know that Android isn't due to Google being the world's biggest

01:17:15   advertising company. In recent years, Microsoft has been evolving Windows to display ads and

01:17:19   track users. A few years ago, Apple was consistently and constantly emphasizing privacy. However,

01:17:24   with Apple now earning more from ads, can we still expect them to uphold their commitment

01:17:28   to privacy or will they compromise it?" That's a good question. I mean, they've kind of,

01:17:34   I don't know if they've already compromised it, but they've certainly gotten fast and

01:17:38   loose with what's okay. Like, "Hey, did you know this Apple TV+ show is starting soon?

01:17:44   Do you want to try it?" You know, like all that sort of stuff. It's not necessarily

01:17:50   not private? I don't know, but it's just kind of icky? I don't know. What do you fellas

01:17:55   think? We have already seen exactly how Apple compromises its standards for advertising.

01:18:03   Because look, the reality is like most people don't want ads, and so almost any ad-based

01:18:09   business is having to form some kind of compromise with the product quality or the user experience

01:18:15   in some way. And I wouldn't necessarily say Android isn't private because Google's

01:18:20   an ad company. I think lots of other Google products have severe privacy problems, especially

01:18:26   the way they treat their dumb login prompts around the web these days. I mean, those are

01:18:32   just massive disrespect of the web experience. Again, like I've said this before, the way

01:18:38   Apple views everything that happens on the iPhone is theirs and they own part of it.

01:18:44   That's how Google views the entire web. Google thinks the entire web is theirs to do whatever

01:18:49   they want with. That they always have, and over time they've only gotten more and more

01:18:54   power, especially with the rise of Chrome being such a dominant browser. So Google is

01:18:59   perfectly willing to crap all over the web, to harvest it for everything it's possibly

01:19:03   worth, to totally invade people's privacy all over the web. But I don't think we see

01:19:09   them doing that kind of abuse on Android specifically. I think that's more of a Google on the web

01:19:13   problem, not Google on Android problem. Anyway, so going back to Apple and privacy here, I

01:19:18   think we have seen exactly how Apple compromises their standards in the name of increasing

01:19:25   revenue through things like ads. Whether that's ad money directly, but things like App Store

01:19:30   search ads, or whether it's using cross-promotion within their products to try to promote their

01:19:37   services which is kind of like ads, kind of different. So that'll be things like the promos

01:19:42   in the settings screen when you haven't finished setting up your phone. Like, "Oh, do you want

01:19:46   to maybe set up Apple Music?" All those kind of things. And then of course when you're

01:19:50   in Apple Music or things like that, if you don't subscribe to their plan, they harass

01:19:54   you endlessly. Or they'll send notifications from their apps that you never get permission

01:19:57   to send notifications from, like from their own store app and their own App Store app

01:20:01   and their own... Apple has shown they will harass people, they will bug people, they

01:20:07   will shamelessly promote upsells everywhere, all over their platforms. So that is a massive

01:20:14   compromise. But it's a compromise in user experience and respect for the users and respect

01:20:20   for their own products and respect for themselves. But it is not a compromise in privacy. So

01:20:25   obviously you can tell by the way I'm phrasing this, I'm not a fan of this practice at all.

01:20:29   It kind of saddens me that platform vendors for like general computing platforms have

01:20:34   now taken it upon themselves, and Microsoft is again a good example of this, I think they

01:20:38   go even too far with it, but like it is now acceptable for general purpose computing platforms

01:20:44   to harass the user on a regular basis for upsells or put ads in the general UI of the

01:20:50   platform. Apple is not the only person doing this, they're not the only company doing this,

01:20:55   but I always thought Apple was above that. And what they've shown in recent years is

01:20:59   that they're not, which is sad. They really should raise their standards in that department

01:21:04   because they used to be the most respectful of their users across the entire computing

01:21:10   industry, and that is no longer the case in ways like this. So they will happily spam

01:21:15   the crap out of users, they will bother users, they will harass people, they will put ads

01:21:20   and promos and interstitials and notifications up to promote their own stuff or to drive

01:21:24   their own services revenue or to promote upsells or sell more Apple Care or sell more Apple

01:21:28   Music or whatever else. But they're not actually doing that in a way that invades privacy.

01:21:34   They are also, in efforts to serve their own goals, they're also doing things like app

01:21:42   tracking transparency, which is really good for privacy for the user and actually helps

01:21:48   destroy other people's ad models, which is its own antitrust potential issue over there.

01:21:55   That's kind of a thorny issue, there's a lot of detail to that that I'm not going to get

01:22:00   into in this AskATV question. But I think what they've shown is that privacy is not

01:22:05   something they compromise on. They will just compromise the user experience in lots of

01:22:09   other small, annoying ways. Yeah, that's why Apple, you know, Apple making more money from

01:22:14   ads. Apple, it's not just that their heart isn't into ads. To do advertising in the way

01:22:20   that makes the most money requires an invasion of privacy that Apple will not do, right?

01:22:25   You need to know so much about a customer and track them across all sorts of things.

01:22:30   Apple will track you across all of its own platforms. And to Marco's point, Google thinks

01:22:34   the entire web is its platform, so it will track you across the entire web and that makes

01:22:37   perfect sense to them. But like, you know, Apple does have platforms that it owns. Google

01:22:41   doesn't actually own the web. So there's the difference there. But anyway, Apple's not

01:22:45   willing to do that. So when it does sell ads, it can't sell ads as well as Facebook and

01:22:50   Google because it doesn't have the kind of privacy invasive tracking and targeting that

01:22:54   lets you pick, you know, 18 to 13 year old people who live in the state who recently

01:22:59   looked for a mattress and blah, blah, blah, like, they just don't have the power to do

01:23:03   that. They don't have it. Their platforms aren't big enough and they don't gather that

01:23:07   information and they don't sell that information. They anonymize everything in their own services.

01:23:11   They don't want to know stuff about you. And so the parts of Apple that do have to sell

01:23:15   actual ads, not ads for Apple's own stuff, but they have to sell ads that other people

01:23:19   pay for. It's an anemic, less powerful interface because the whole rest of the company says,

01:23:25   yeah, you can't have that information. It's probably difficult to run an ad platform inside

01:23:29   Apple because you have to constantly tell the people who want to run ads, know that

01:23:33   information isn't available to you. Even if Apple itself tracks it, I would imagine they

01:23:37   wouldn't give it up to third parties because they know once you give it up to third parties,

01:23:40   third parties will do things with it that Apple doesn't agree with. So I do think Apple

01:23:44   is still for the most part holding strong on all their privacy stuff. But when it comes

01:23:49   to Apple looking at itself, oh, these aren't ads. We're just trying to tell you about the

01:23:52   other great services Apple has. And in some ways, Apple should tell people about Apple

01:24:00   TV Plus and the shows that are available on it. When Apple doesn't add for Apple TV Plus

01:24:04   at the beginning of the year, you're like, how does that relate to developers? Apple's

01:24:07   got a service. They paid a lot of money to make those shows. They should advertise. They

01:24:11   advertise on television. They advertise in magazines. They advertise in their own materials.

01:24:14   I give them a pass on that. It's stuff like the Apple equivalent of whatever one complains

01:24:19   about at Windows these days. You go to the Start menu and there's a third party ad in

01:24:22   there. The Apple equivalent of that is Apple trying to upsell you in the settings screen.

01:24:27   Granted, it's all Apple stuff. You're not seeing an ad for like a mortgage lender inside

01:24:31   the settings screen, right? That's more of a Microsoft move. But even when we just see

01:24:35   stuff from Apple, it's hard to distinguish that from the perspective of the user. It's

01:24:40   like a thing that I didn't ask for that's in my face. I think there is a balance to

01:24:44   be struck there. Apple does have to let you know about the things that are available to

01:24:47   you. For example, when you fill your phone, that would be a good time to tell somebody

01:24:54   that one of the solutions to this is to pay Apple for more storage. In fact, probably

01:24:57   the only solution to this is to pay Apple for more storage, right? But getting that

01:25:01   message at that time is like, "Oh, man, all Apple did was sell me an ad and you're mad

01:25:04   because you got to pay money or whatever." I think Apple has to do stuff like that. Not

01:25:12   one has to like, "Oh, someone's forcing them." I think it's just good business. Despite the

01:25:18   fact that some people are annoyed by it, letting people know about the products and services

01:25:21   you offer is a part of being a good business. It's just a question of when, how often, where,

01:25:27   what context. Sometimes the context is uncomfortable, like you just filled your phone. That is an

01:25:31   uncomfortable context, but that is also a time when you should show the time. When you

01:25:35   just set up your phone and then you have 25 come ons for you to set up Apple Pay, not

01:25:38   appropriate. Too annoying or whatever, but the people who run Apple Pay probably lobbied

01:25:43   hard to the other executives to say, "Look, we got to be in there because otherwise we're

01:25:46   not going to hit our numbers for blah, blah, blah, blah." That's, again, not privacy invasive,

01:25:50   but annoying. This is a multifaceted angle and sometimes people lump it all into privacy.

01:25:55   Technically, there are distinctions, but from a user experience perspective, people always

01:25:59   say they don't want to be tracked, but in practice, they don't care what happens to

01:26:02   them as evidenced by their actions and what they're willing to pay for versus not when

01:26:06   given the choice between like, like there's another EU case about Facebook saying, "You

01:26:10   can use Instagram for free and we'll track you or you can pass money and we won't track

01:26:14   you as much." Everybody picks the free one, right? So everyone says, "Oh, I don't want

01:26:17   to be tracked." And there are a few people who are really genuine about that and change

01:26:21   their life to surround it, but in practice being tracked in that way doesn't have as

01:26:26   many consequences that most people choose not to do it, right? Privacy invasion, I think

01:26:32   people can feel more acutely, like if they knew that anyone in the world could find out

01:26:36   what they had for breakfast yesterday, that's an invasion of privacy. And even though it's

01:26:39   probably, you don't, you know, I didn't have anything super secret for breakfast, you don't

01:26:42   want the world knowing that. And if you knew they could know that by like going to an ad

01:26:46   vendor and getting that information, like it's shocking what ad companies know about

01:26:51   individual people based on the magic of computers and data aggregation and various other signals.

01:26:57   That's one of the reasons everyone is convinced that their phones are listening to them because

01:27:01   it's sort of the low tech, non-technological explanation of how would somebody know this

01:27:06   about me, they must have been listening. So they just personify the phone and say, "How

01:27:09   would the phone know this about me? It must have been listening." It's like, no, they

01:27:12   can get all this information about you from your activity of using the internet. They

01:27:16   don't need to use the microphones. They would if they could, but they don't need to, right?

01:27:21   So like, and it's, people don't understand how that mechanism works, so they just think

01:27:25   that, you know, it's been eavesdropping on them, but it's so much more complicated than

01:27:28   that. So, you know, that's why it all gets lumped together. It's like your actual privacy

01:27:34   of like other companies not knowing stuff about you that you don't want to know is actually

01:27:37   separate from how annoyed you are at ads that are thrown in your face, which is separate

01:27:40   from who those ads are from, and so on and so forth. So anyway, we've gone around in

01:27:44   circles about this. Sorry, Steven, but I would say my answer is that I think Apple still

01:27:48   is being consistent in their dedication to privacy, but it doesn't mean they won't be

01:27:52   annoying.

01:27:53   All right. Thank you to our sponsors this week, Squarespace and Delete Me. And thanks

01:27:59   to our members who support us directly. You can join at atp.fm/join. One of the big benefits

01:28:05   of membership is we do a bonus topic every week now called ATP Overtime. This week, the

01:28:11   bonus topic is feature requests for death, for dealing with deceased people and your

01:28:17   contacts and things like that. It's an interesting issue that I think people don't generally

01:28:22   think about until it happens to them, and so we'll talk about that and kind of where

01:28:28   Apple could go from there, certain considerations they should have for dealing with death and

01:28:33   their features. So it's kind of a bummer, but I think it'll be an interesting conversation.

01:28:36   So that's ATP Overtime happening right after the show. For members, you can join it and

01:28:42   hear it at atp.fm/join. Thanks, everybody, and we'll talk to you next week.

01:28:48   [Music]

01:28:49   Now the show is over They didn't even mean to begin

01:28:59   'Cause it was accidental Oh, it was accidental

01:29:01   John didn't do any research Marco and Casey wouldn't let him

01:29:06   'Cause it was accidental Oh, it was accidental

01:29:12   And you can find the show notes at atp.fm And if you're into mastodon, you can follow

01:29:21   them at C-A-S-E-Y-L-I-S-S So that's Casey, Lis, M-A-R-C-O-A-R-M

01:29:31   Auntie Marco, Armin, S-I-R-A-C-U-S-A, Siracusa

01:29:38   It's accidental They didn't mean to

01:29:43   Accidental Check podcast so long

01:29:51   It's super hot here Let me tell you about super hot

01:29:55   This tiny little closet closed in here with a dog for extra body heat and a 2019 Mac Pro

01:30:00   No air conditioning John, you can solve these problems. You can

01:30:05   install air conditioning and you can get a good computer

01:30:07   There is an air conditioner in this room, I just want to turn it on. It's too noisy

01:30:10   Well, you could get a mini split Those make noise too

01:30:14   A lot less They are very quiet. They are way quieter

01:30:17   than a window unit You just don't want to make holes in your

01:30:19   house And also my property is so oddly shaped that

01:30:23   the mini split fan would probably be like right on the other side of this wall, I could

01:30:27   touch it with my hand so as quiet as they are, I still wouldn't be able to have it on

01:30:31   No, they're really like the condenser or compressor or whatever it is, those things for them,

01:30:35   the outside part is also really quiet. Like if it's just a one room size one especially,

01:30:40   they're really small and they're really quiet. Strongly recommended

01:30:45   For the low low price of putting holes in your house

01:30:47   What do you think is going to happen? Do you think your house is just going to fall down

01:30:50   when you put a couple holes in it? No, I'd let this be the next person's problem

01:30:55   Resale value Casey, you know about that I do, but the thing is, nobody's going to

01:30:59   buy that house in this globally warmed world when you don't have any sort of air conditioning

01:31:04   answer Sure they will, everyone buys houses that

01:31:06   are fixer uppers, this is going to be a fixer upper

01:31:09   Yeah, if there's no air conditioning it will be, that's what people will do

01:31:13   The number of houses in our neighborhood that have air conditioning has gone up over time

01:31:16   but it would shock you how low it is, obviously in Virginia every place has air conditioning

01:31:20   and even Long Island I think it's more than here but New England, it's not the same

01:31:25   as old England, it's not as bad as old England in terms of air conditioning penetration but

01:31:31   the number is surprisingly low, when I left Long Island, pretty much every house had air

01:31:35   conditioning Not true here in New England, getting truer

01:31:39   all the time but not true You know it was a real weird thing when I

01:31:45   graduated high school in western Connecticut where there was no air conditioning in the

01:31:50   school except for the main office and the library

01:31:53   Still true in our schools Yep, and then I came down to Blacksburg which

01:31:57   is southwest Virginia where there were no air conditioning in almost all the dorms,

01:32:02   the brand new ones that were suite style did have air conditioning and everyone was very

01:32:06   jealous but generally speaking there was no air conditioning in the dorms and to be fair

01:32:09   it was in the mountains, well to a degree and so it did get relatively cool most nights

01:32:14   but you know a lot of the, I think all the academic buildings had air conditioning I

01:32:17   think and it was quite a change At my son's school, people when they're picking

01:32:22   like the dorms like if you're a freshman and you're coming in which dorm should I pick?

01:32:25   I think one or two of them have air conditioning and the rest of them don't because the assumption

01:32:30   is oh well you're not in school during the summer and that's the only time you need

01:32:33   air conditioning so I'm sure it'll be fine but when it's 90 degrees in September and

01:32:37   you're moving everything into a dorm room and it's not air conditioned and everyone's

01:32:40   got these fans in the window blowing 90 degree humid air at you

01:32:42   Yeah, like old England it takes a while for people to get over the idea of like look it

01:32:48   does actually get hot You can't pretend that it doesn't, right?

01:32:52   Sometimes and hey I was, none of my dorms, my freshman dorm for sure was not air conditioned

01:32:58   I don't think any of the other dorms I was in were air conditioned and yeah sometimes

01:33:01   even in Boston it gets hot in the dorms and you know then the winter comes you don't have

01:33:06   to worry about that but yeah we'll get there eventually

01:33:09   Have you seen the trend lately?

01:33:11   So you know air conditioners, mini splits, blah blah blah they're all just heat pumps

01:33:17   I can link to that Technology Connections video if you want to learn a lot of heat pumps

01:33:20   Air conditioners have always been heat pumps so are refrigerators this is not new technology

01:33:23   it's existed for many many decades but they're getting more popular because they're really

01:33:27   efficient and again if you want to see in that video that we'll link the reason they're

01:33:32   efficient is because they don't you know produce heat for example when heating in the winter

01:33:37   they move heat from one place to another so they don't have to do the work to produce

01:33:41   it so if you for example have an electric heater it can be essentially 100% efficient

01:33:45   because all the waste energy gets emitted as heat but that's what you wanted anyway

01:33:49   so success! but that means every amount of heating you get comes from the electricity

01:33:55   that goes into it so it's a good best case it's 100% efficient but a heat pump doesn't

01:34:00   produce heat or cool it moves it from one place to another so all it has to do is expand

01:34:05   the energy to move it so you can have an efficiency it's called like a COP coefficient of something

01:34:10   or other anyway of like five to one so you put in like one unit of energy and you get

01:34:15   five units of heating out why because you didn't get all the heat from the one unit

01:34:20   of energy you put in you used one unit of energy to pick up a bunch of heat from one

01:34:24   location and carry it over to new location and dump it right that's why heat pumps are

01:34:28   great and that's what air conditioners do and here's just air conditioning running in

01:34:31   reverse the new trend is for essentially what something that looks like a window unit air

01:34:37   conditioner have you all seen the window unit air conditioner lets you like close the window

01:34:41   it's shaped like a U so rather than having to have your window propped open I have not

01:34:44   seen this yeah it's like a imagine a window unit air conditioner but put a slot in it and

01:34:49   obviously it's not all the slot doesn't go away to the bottom there's like a little thin

01:34:52   thing right it lets you close your window right so most of the way yeah almost all the

01:34:57   way anyway that's been around for ages I don't know how good those are I've never had one

01:35:00   of those and it's the same thing it's just a heat pump and you can do this because if

01:35:05   you look at how heat pump design that you can snake all the piping through the bottom

01:35:08   part and it works fine right now lets you close your window more a new version of that

01:35:11   is inverted so now it's like an upside down U and it hangs down on the window which is

01:35:17   much more stable because you're basically putting it in your window and half of it is

01:35:20   hanging on the outside of your house and half of it is hanging on the inside of your house

01:35:23   right and then you can put your window down almost all the way same type of deal but they're

01:35:26   huge right they're like the size of the inside portion is the size of like a radiator and

01:35:33   the outside portion is often even bigger right this is a way to add heating and cooling more

01:35:39   efficiently to things like apartment buildings so in every single window in an apartment

01:35:42   building you hang one of these big U shaped things like it's not like just a window unit

01:35:46   that you put in and out it's a permanent part of the infrastructure but if you have a really

01:35:51   old building and you're using like steam heater radiators or whatever and you want to like

01:35:54   refurbish it this is in theory a less expensive way to do it to put one of these units in

01:35:58   every single room you often see them in like hotel rooms where there's that annoying thing

01:36:01   on the wall that does both heating and cooling I'm assuming those are also heat pumps kind

01:36:05   of a built in type of thing anyway they're really kind of scary looking and kind of cool

01:36:10   looking but I endorse this technology because you can use it for like a whole house heat

01:36:14   pump or you know something that's built into your basement and just has like the little

01:36:18   fan units outside individual window units or things that essentially replace radiators

01:36:23   in apartment buildings without having to replumb the whole building or whatever or else those

01:36:28   upside down U shaped ones wouldn't work in a house in New England actually it's actual

01:36:31   radiators because the actual radiator is sitting in front of the window and you can't hang

01:36:34   a unit like that down into it but heat pumps are great houses in New England don't need

01:36:39   things like that apartment buildings you're right that's a it's a great use for apartment

01:36:43   buildings houses in New England can just install split units you don't need to put anything

01:36:48   in the windows you can let the windows be windows you can let them be closed and sealed

01:36:52   all winter and some summer long and you can just have heat pumps you know stuck to the

01:36:58   wall with a small pipe running through the house to go to the outside trust me it's a

01:37:03   great system everything you said but heat pumps is correct every modern split unit that's

01:37:07   worth anything can also heat because it's just when you convert an air conditioning

01:37:12   unit to be a air conditioner or heater heat pump it's a very very minor difference in

01:37:18   hardware and it's a very cheap difference it's basically like a reversing valve or something

01:37:21   like that it's a very very simple difference between the two so anybody out there like

01:37:26   if you are buying a new method of air conditioning for your house whether it's wall split units

01:37:32   or whether it's like a central thing central air conditioner spend the extra very small

01:37:36   amount of money if there even is a difference for you and get one that can also heat because

01:37:41   again it's so simple it's it's usually it's it's either no cost difference or it's like

01:37:45   30 bucks it's like it isn't a big difference so if you get an air conditioner that can

01:37:48   also heat then you have pure electric heat either as your only heat or as your as an

01:37:54   option but as john was saying like whatever you whatever impression you might have about

01:37:58   electric heat being like super expensive or whatever that's because it was using the old

01:38:02   electric baseboard radiators that were just giant toaster oven elements that were just

01:38:06   you know 100% heating and that's it but heat pumps you know as john was saying like you

01:38:13   get more out of them than you put into them in terms of heat because it steals heat from

01:38:16   the outside world yes even in the winter yes even when it's like zero degrees outside they

01:38:21   still work because they can still steal heat from the zero degree air and make your house

01:38:27   warm that still works and i can tell you this because now i am 100% heat pump all of my

01:38:33   heat and cooling comes from central heat pumps and it is great like because you know you

01:38:40   have obviously a forced air you have some downsides of forced air heat but the way people

01:38:45   always say like it's so dry that's not true everything you know about humidity is probably

01:38:50   wrong forced air central heat is actually the easiest kind to humidify because you just

01:38:55   put a central humidifier on it and it works all winter long but anyway it is the best

01:39:01   because once you have heat being produced by electricity but not that much electricity

01:39:08   compared to the old ways of doing it then you can you have more energy options available

01:39:12   to you you can put solar on your house you can reduce the cost of it you can you can

01:39:15   sign up for one of those like various ways to get renewable energy to your house through

01:39:21   the grid usually most most places will have some way where you can like you know pay a

01:39:24   little bit extra through your utility company and they'll they'll give you wind power instead

01:39:29   or whatever it is like you you have a lot more options there so it's something to really

01:39:33   consider even even if it's not going to be your your only heat source even if you want

01:39:38   to have some kind of like oil or gas as backup heat like make the heat pump your primary

01:39:43   source and only use the oil and gas as some kind of backup if you if you really think

01:39:47   you need it trust me it's great and it's it's certainly you know a lot better in terms of

01:39:53   you know climate control or climate change rather certainly a lot better in terms of

01:39:58   like energy options it's way more efficient and way more people should be using heat pumps

01:40:02   to heat their houses and whatever you think you might know about heat pumps check your

01:40:06   information it's probably outdated they're they're better than you think yeah this is

01:40:10   a time of rapid advancement in heat pumps they're getting so much better every year

01:40:14   like you mentioned like how how low a temperature can they handle even within just like the

01:40:17   past five years the lowest temperature and the most efficient heat pump like that record

01:40:22   is being broken all the time they're getting more efficient they can go down to into the

01:40:25   negative degrees like it's just changing so fast that like you know already in most of

01:40:31   the united states heat pump can do everything for you and in the places where you need supplemental

01:40:35   heat like heat pumps are trying to get down to that obviously someone mentioned in the

01:40:38   chat the thing i remember seeing on this whole house you know decades ago which is really

01:40:41   cool but also super expensive for just a geothermal heat pump where it steals heat from the ground

01:40:46   they build they dig a gigantic hole in your property which is where all the money is because

01:40:51   like the ground may freeze down to x number of feet but if you just keep digging eventually

01:40:56   you get down to ground that is above freezing like all the time and during the winter when

01:41:00   it's negative a bazillion degrees you have essentially an infinite source of above freezing

01:41:06   heat that you can move with the heat pump into your house the big cost there is okay

01:41:11   now i have to dig a gigantic hole and deal with all that cost or whatever but heat pumps

01:41:15   that work with just in the air like air conditioners and you know air conditioners running in reverse

01:41:21   no giant hole needs to be dug in your yard and they're not as efficient as geothermal

01:41:24   ones yet but they cost so much less so that's why they're so popular and lots of the government

01:41:29   programs like those things in apartment uses like government programs subsidizing those

01:41:32   to say we want like all of new york city to be more efficient they're using you know fossil

01:41:36   fuels to run steam radiators through these giant buildings just massively inefficient

01:41:40   right what can we do about that and these type of like sort of mobile heat pump units

01:41:45   are a great way to do that without having to pay millions and millions of dollars to

01:41:49   like replumb an entire building for like you know forced air heat pumps i think so you

01:41:55   just put one in every single unit or whatever we'll see how this works out because again

01:41:58   uh technology is advancing if you put those units in a building and they end up being

01:42:01   obsolete you can tear them all out in 20 years and put in the new more efficient ones that

01:42:06   are half the size and twice the efficiency right so i'm optimistic about this and uh

01:42:11   yeah you have limited choices when you're buying a home but you can always retrofit

01:42:15   (beeping)